Cigarette Smoking and Addiction in Psychiatric Patients and Their Relationships to Psycho-pathology: A Controlled Survey

Habitual smoking and smoking dependent Itsith-drawal symptoms in psychiatric patients and their healtly attendants which are considered as control, were surveyed. The patients and the control groups were subdivided into smokers and nonsmokers and evaluated accordingly_ Fagersn-om Tolerance Of-estionnory, and criteria of DSM-IV cigarette-smoking dependency and abstinency were included in our survey questionnaries and used for 216 in-dividuals. When compared to control groups, the onset of addiction age was earliers and the duration of smoking was longer in patients and these values were statistically significant. The tendency of smo-king and addiction among the patients found to be severe and this can be attributed to neuroregulatory effects of nicotine.