Diyabet ve Komplikasyonlarının Hastalık Mekanizmalarını İncelemek İçin Hayvan Modelleri

Asli San Dagli Gul, OKAN ARIHAN

  • OKAN ARIHAN: HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
  • Year : 2025
  • Vol : 41
  • Issue : 2
  •  Page : 99-109
Bu derleme, diyabetin patofizyolojisini ve komplikasyonlarını anlamak için hayvan modellerinin kullanımını ve etkinliğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu derleme, hayvan modellerinde diyabet kaynaklı komplikasyonları inceleyen güncel literatürün analizini içermektedir. Sadece İngilizce makaleler dahil edilmiştir ve çoğunluğu 2018 sonrası yayımlanmıştır. Alloksan ve Streptozotosin gibi kimyasal modellerin etkili bir şekilde diyabet oluşturabildiği, ancak toksisite ve sistemik yan etkilere yol açabileceği görülmektedir. Alloksan, β-hücre toksisitesi yoluyla Tip 1 diyabeti tetiklerken, STZ hem Tip 1 hem de Tip 2 diyabeti modellemek için tercih edilmektedir. Otoimmün diyabeti simüle eden NOD fareleri veya obezite kaynaklı diyabet geliştiren db/db fareleri gibi genetik modeller, hastalığın genetik yönlerini incelemek için avantajlıdır ancak yüksek maliyet ve karmaşıklık gibi dezavantajlar taşımaktadır. Cerrahi yaklaşımlar, insülin sekresyonu ve pankreas fonksiyonlarını değerlendirmede önemli bilgiler sunarken, bu yöntemlerin invaziv olması ve fizyolojik olarak bazı farklılıklara yol açması sınırlayıcı bir faktördür. Modellerin çoğu, diyabete bağlı oksidatif stres ve inflamasyonun, nefropati, retinopati, nöropati ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi komplikasyonlara yol açtığını göstermektedir. Özellikle diyabetik böbrek hastalığında podosit hasarı, proteinüri ve glomerüler filtrasyon değişiklikleri gözlemlenirken, diyabetik retinopati modelinde vasküler değişiklikler ve görme kaybı tespit edilmiştir. Diyabetik nöropati, duyusal ve motor fonksiyon kayıplarına yol açarken, kardiyovasküler komplikasyonlar damar sertliği, hipertansiyon ve kalp yetmezliği ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Diyabetin ilerleyişi ve komplikasyonlarını değerlendirebilmek için model seçimi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak her modelin kendine özgü avantajları ve sınırlamaları vardır. Kimyasal ajanlar hızlı ve düşük maliyetli bir seçenek sunarken, genetik modeller daha fizyolojik ancak maliyetli ve teknik olarak karmaşıktır. Bu derleme, diyabet araştırmalarında en uygun hayvan modelinin belirlenmesine rehberlik edebilir ve yeni terapötik stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyabet, Komplikasyonlar, Hayvan Modeli, STZ, Alloksan
Cite this Article As : Dagli Gul AS, Arihan O. Animal Models of Diabetes and Complications for Studying Disease Mechanisms. Selcuk Med J 2025;41(2): 99-109

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Conflict of interest : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This article is published under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Selcuk Medical Journal
2025, Vol. 41 (2)
ISSN: 1017-6616
E-ISSN: 2149-8059
Received : , Accepted : , Published Online :

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