Axon Loss in Multiple Sclerosis

Aim: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Clinical, imaging, and pathological studies in multiple sclerosis have generally emphasized the relative preservation of axons in comparison with myelin. Recent evidence, however, demonstrates that axonal loss is also significant, affects long tracts such as the corticospinal and sensory tracts and relates closely to functional disability. In this article we will consider emerging observations that reflect on the mechanisms of axon loss. Main Findings: There are different mechanisms of axon loss occur. Mechanisms of axon loss: Axonal damage in the inflammation, demyelination- induced axon loss, wallerian degeneration, and final common pathway in the axon loss. Conclusion: Axon loss is irreversible and responsible for long term disability. However therapies are also needed that enhance remyelination or neuroprotective.