HLA-RELATED DRUG HYPSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

ABSTRACT
Drug reactions (DR) are grouped into two basic classes. Allergic reactions through by immunological mechanisms is one of them; the second is the drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) that occur without the engagment of a specific immunological response. Prevelance of DHR is a extensive cause of morbidity and mortality. These severe reactions are originated from specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Since, HLA genes include the high rate of polymorphic loci in the genome significantly. Thus, genetic predisposition rather than the pharmacological dose effect in the etiology of DHR account for one of the most intriguing sites of pharmacogenetic research. Specific HLA associations with DHR may be varry between geographic regions and ethnic groups. Even among individuals of the same population, drug response and sensitivity may differ according as HLA alleles. Numerous investigations have provided evidence that some of HLA’s increase the risk of growing DHR. In view of the fact that the interconnection between HLA, drugs and T cell receptors in drug-responsive T cell reaction may vary widely depending on HLA alleles. According to, the allele type, the activation of the T cell and its interaction with the antigen is the most significant molecular system that causes variations in the immune response. While these features reveal the didtinctive genetic relationship of HLA alleles through DHR, there may be individuals who metabolize the drug rapidly or develop a toxic response without metabolizing it at according to HLA allele types within the pharmacokinetic effect. In this line, determining pharmacogenomic datas in societies, discovering new evidence for HLA alleles and drug sensitivity, and verifying the findings with the evidence rate will provide great benefits both in terms of health quality for drug use and cost effectiveness. Personalized pharmacological treatment with HLA identification before drug use is one of the current treatment targets in developing countries. In this review, the models that cause drug hypersensitivity reactions, the most frequently reacting drugs, the associated HLA alleles and the clinical presentations were investigated.
Keywords: HLA, drug, hypersensitivity reactions