Single-center 13 year retrospective analysis of tumors metastasizing to bone

ABSTRACT
Aim: Bone is a tissue in which metastasis of the primary tumor is common in oncological patients. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological features and survival status of patients with histopathological bone metastases.
Materials and Methods: Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical stained preparations of materials belonging to 107 patients diagnosed with metastatic tumors in bone between 2010 and 2023 in our pathology department were evaluated retrospectively. Age, gender, survival, and clinical outcomes of the patients were obtained from hospital records. Primary focus, localization of the tumor, histopathological features of the tumor, and survival status of the patients were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: The ages of 107 patients ranged from 36 to 84; 61 of them were men and 46 were women. The tumor that most frequently metastasized to the bone was lung malignancy (32.7%; n=35), followed by breast malignancy (22.4%; n=24). It was determined that 35.5% of the patients (n = 38) were initially diagnosed with metastasis. Metastasis was mostly observed in the femur bone (65.4%). In the five-year survival analysis, survival was observed to be shortest (12 months) in metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland and longest (60 months) in colorectal, prostate and thyroid tumors.
Conclusion: It was determined that the most common metastasis in bone was in the femur, and rarely in atypical areas. Although metastasis was most common in adenocarcinoma morphology, it could also be in a different morphology such as carcinosarcoma. It was observed that some of the patients were initially diagnosed with metastasis and rarely the primary focus could not be determined. When evaluating tumor-containing bone materials, it should be kept in mind that metastases can present with a wide variety of localizations and morphologies.
Keywords: Bone, metastases, histopathology, malignant tumor