The Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Against of Formaldehyde-Induced Oxidative Damage to Lungs in Rats

In this study the toxic effects of formaldehyde to lungs and protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids against these toxic effects were investigated at histological and biochemical levels. For this purpose, 21 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Rats in group I were used as control. Rats in group II were injected with formaldehyde every other day. Rats in group III Daily received omega-3 fatty acids with injection of formaldehyde. At the end of 14 days experimental period all rats were killed by decapitation. The lung tissue specimens which were taken from the rats were examined under light microscope after performing the routine histological procedures. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the lung specimens by using spectrophotometric methods. In our study in rats whom formaldehyde was given a statistically significant increase in the levels of SOD, XO and MDA was determined when compared to control group. A significant decrease in the level of CAT was also detected. In the light microscopic examination of this group, bleeding areas in interstitium, hemosiderin loaded macrophages and ephitelial spilths on terminal bronchiales was observed. It was determined that the histological variances which caused by formaldehyde exposure were decreased in ratswhom received omega-3 fatty acids along with formeldehyde. In addition a decrease in SOD, XO, MDA levels and an increase of CAT levels were determined. Asa result, it was determined that damage accured in lung tissue of rats exposured to formaldehyde and this damage was prevented by the application of omega-3 fatty acids.