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The study was aimed to determine the ratio of properly timed vaccination according to national vaccine schedule in two time points. Method: The study was performed in Konya city center at the years 1997 and 2007. The subjects were obtained from children aged 0 to 23 months by using systematic cluster sampling. Also power estimated was received attention in this formula. Sample sizes were 467 and 380 for 1997 and 2007, respectively. The data was collected by observation and inquiry techniques. Results: Proportion of children age-appropriately immunized was 79.9 % for year 1997. However the ratio of properly timed vaccination for the vaccine schedule was only 35.3 %. These ratios for year 2007 were 84.2 % and 63.7 %, respectively. Mother’s age and educational level, children’s age and labor order, having a vaccine card, a history of sickness can be prevented by the vaccine in family members and economic status were related to the national vaccine schedule. Conclusion: We consider following families who have more children for vaccination, bringing to mind vaccination date for children aged bigger than six months and taking some cautions in order to protect vaccination card.

Aim: Many serological tests are used in the diagnosis and follow-up of Brucellosis. Those routinely used in laboratories are Rose Bengal Aglutination, Standart Tube Aglutination and ELISA anti-Brucella tests. In addition to these tests, available Brucellacapt (immuncapture) aglutination and coombs tests are also used in the diagnosis. In this study, Rose Bengal Aglutination, Standart Tube Aglutination, Brucellacapt and ELISA tests were aimed to be compared. Method: Sent from various clinics with the prediagnosis of Brucellosis, the samples of 71 patients were investigated in the study. These samples were investigated using Rose Bengal, Standart Tube Aglutination, Brucellacapt and ELISA (Brucella-IgM, Brucella-IgG) tests. Results: Fifty six positivity rates were determined with Rose Bengal Aglutination test (78.8 %), 30 with STA (42.2 %), 52 with Brucellacapt (73.2 %) and 58 with ELISA (81.6 %). Conclusion: It was considered that STA is unsatisfactory in the diagnosis of Brucellosis in the patients for whom no culture could be performed, when performed alone, and that Brucellacapt and/or ELISA tests are necessary to be used combinedly. However, in the follow-up of Brucellosis, it was also concluded that Brucellacapt is inappropriate; instead, the use of ELISA (IgM and IgG) tests will be more appopriate in the diagnosis of Brucellosis.

Aim: To evaluate the results of posterior chamber intraocular lenses implanted by scleral fixation technique. Method: 34 eyes of 34 cases which had intraocular lens implantation by scleral fixation method between January 2002 to December 2006 were retrospectively evaluated. The parameters evaluated were the age and sex distribution, primary or secondary IOL implantation, type of implanted intra ocular lens, visual acuity, intra ocular pressure and complications. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.55± 22.08 years (range 4 to 83 years). The mean follow up time was 6.41±6.49 (3–36) months. The mean postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVA) in PMMA IOL group and foldable IOL group were, 0.39±0.35 and 0.57±0.27, respectively (p=0.146). The mean postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVA) in primary implantation group and secondary implantation group were, 0.44±0.34 and 0.47±0.32, respectively (p=0.758). The postoperative complication rates in PMMA IOL group and foldable IOL group were 40.9% and 16.6%, respectively. Postoperative IOP increase and cystoid macular edema were the main complications. Implanted twenty-two IOLs were PMMA, and twelve were 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic. Conclusion: Implantation with scleral fixation of IOLs may be preferred in eyes with absence of zonular and capsular support. Although visual outcomes were similar for the two IOL types, scleral fixation of foldable IOLs take less time, have low incidence of complications and earlier visual rehabilitation. Long term studies with larger number of patients may better define the role of scleral sutured posterior chamber intraocular foldable lens implantation.

Aim: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) are indicators of arterial stiffness and non invasive methods of detecting the severity of vascular injury. This study included large sample size and evaluated PWV and AI in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients to detect the related risk factors. Method: 881 patients on chronic HD program (44% females) were included in this study. PWV and AI of the patients measured by single operator using pulse wave analysis device (Sphygmocor). Pulse wave was measured from carotid-radial distance. Aortic AI was obtained from aortic pulse wave forms derived from radial artery .for all patients, left ventricular geometry was evaluated by echocardiography and volume status was evaluated by bioimpedence device. Results: The average PWV in patient group was 10.0± 2.5 m/s, average AI was 27±11%. AI -HR75, the heart rate corrected form at 75 beat/minute of AI was found to be 29±11%. PWV and AI were found above limit value in 29% and 67% of the patients respectively. A positive relation was found between PWV and AI. when patients with high and normal AI were compared, albumin values were lower while average blood pressure values, cardiothoracic ratio(CTR) were higher and ejection time longer in patients with high AI. AI had a negative relation with height and weight. AI 75 was also negatively related to height and weight. In patients with high AI75 Araştırma Yazısı 151 more patients had left ventricular hypertrofy (LVH). Male patients percentage and average blood pressure was higher in patients with high PWV. In the analysis of PWV of the subgroup (n:408 patients), evident interdialytic weight increase was present in the group with PWV of ≥ 11.5 m/ sc compared to the group of < 8.5 m/sc. Conclusion: measures that can be used to evaluate vascular stiffness like PWV and AI are related to average arterial blood pressure, cardiothoracic ratio, hypoalbuminemia, interdialytic weight increase. We think that the relation between these parameters and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality will become clear in the follow up of our hemodialysis patients.

Colon and rectum cancer, is called for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer, is a major health problem especially of developed western countries. The prevalence in U.S., Canada, Britain France, Germany varies between 40-60 per thousand faces. In the United States per year is approximately 150.000, in Europe, 170,000 ,a million new cases are seen all in the world. The prevalence of new cases of cancer in the U.S. in the third place receives 11%, while in European countries after lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death (1).

Aim: To determine the primary success rate and follow up results of renal artery stenting or balloon angioplasty in controlling renovascular hypertension and renal failure in patients with renal artery stenosis. Method: Before balloon angioplasty and stenting; renal angiography and Doppler ultrasonography findings were evaluated and also findings of MRA were estimated if present.The clinical estimation of the cases were made upon to renal functions, hypertension values and the changes of the number of medicines used. Results: Balloon expandable stents were placed in 32 renal arteries of 37 patients. Balloon angioplasty were used in 7 renal arteries of 37 patients (22 men, 15 women; mean age 50.24). There were hypertension in all of the patients. In 12 patients; there were disturbed renal functions. In order to determine the activity of the cure of the disease, the patients are followed by measuring blood pressures and serum creatinin levels before and after the stenting and balloon angioplasty. Stenosis rate was 30-100% (mean 74.15%).The lesions were ostial in 15 patients, truncal in 24 patients. Mean follow up time was 21.2 months (3-84 months). Hypertension was cured in 9 (24.33%) patients, improved in 19 (51.35%).patients In 9 (24.33%) patients there was no respond. In 12 patients with disturbed renal function, 8 (22.22%) patients showed improvement, 4 (11.10%) patients showed deterioration and 4 (11.10%) patients were stable. Conclusion: Revascularization of renal artery stenosis with stenting and balloon angioplasty is a simple, efficient and safe procedure. In patients with uncontrolled hypertension and progressive renal failure; revascularization of renal ar tery stenosis with stenting and baloon angioplasty pointed out impor tant clinical benefit.

Nonmicrovascular replantation of an avulsed auricula as a composite graft is an unreliable solution. The use of retroauricular pocket to enhance survival of the composite ear graft is a multistage procedure and aesthetic results are poor. In this case report the vascularity of the composite graft is attempted to be increased by transposing fascial flap. Fifty-four year old man had an amputation of his ear due to a human bite. The amputated ear was reattached to its original position as a composite graft. Afterwards a temporoparietal fascia flap has been transposed between the posterior skin and the cartilage of the amputated ear. Amputated ear had been revascularised completely without any distorsion at the cartilages. Acceptable aesthetic result was obtained. An ear amputation can succesfully be replanted as a composite graft by using the described technique in a single stage.

We aimed to propose a management in a patient with thyroidectomized and high thyroglobulin (Tg) level, but negative radioiodine scan, whose lymph nodes detected with PET/CT. PET/CT was done to a patient, 31 years-old, with thyroidectomized and given radioiodine treatment, but not followed for a long time, for high Tg level and negative radioiodine scan. Metabolically active lymph nodes were detected in the cervical region. So, lymph nodes were excised with minimally invasive surgery. Radioiodine treatment was done because of papillary carcinoma metastasis. PET/CT may contribute to diagnosis in cases of high Tg levels, but negative radioiodine treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Essantial Thrombocythemia (ET) is a disease characterized by an increased platelets count, megakaryocyte hyperplasia and increased thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. ET is frequent in women and 15-20% of patients with ET are diagnosed in childbearing age. Pregnancy loss is more in patients with ET than normal population. Early pregnancy loss occurs in 1/3 of patients with ET. We present a women, with ET complicated with portal vein thrombosis who had 3 early and 1 late pregnancy loss with hydroxyurea treatment. She had live birth after treatment with interferonalfa (IFN-α) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Aims of treatment of pregnant women with ET prevent of maternal complications and pregnancy loss due to vasooclusive events. Thus, treatment with IFN-α, aspirin and LMWH are safe and improve pregnancy outcomes.