Selçuk Tıp Dergisi Arşiv

Aim: Forearm supination deformity is a serious sequela of brachial plexus birth palsy(BPBP) that affects
both functionality and apperance. In the early phase, soft tissue procedures are preferred whereas bone
procedures are preferred in the late phase. In this study, the techniques of forearm supination deformity
restoration and their results were evaluated.
Patients and Methods: Forty three children (mean age of 8.2 years) were included in the study. Eighteen
patients had soft tissue procedures and 25 patients had bone procedures. For soft tissue procedures, 14
patients had bracioradialis re-routing pronatorplasty and 4 patients had biceps re-routing procedures. For
bone procedures, 10 patients had radius rotation osteotomies, 11 patients had radial head excisions and
9 patients had distal radio-ulnar synostosis. Preoperative and postoperative active and passive forearm
supination and pronation degrees were measured goniometrically .
Results: The mean preoperative and postoperative active pronation degrees for brachioradialis re-routing
pronatorplasty and biceps re-routing changed from -32.8° to 30.7° and from -40° to 42.5° respectively.
The mean preoperative and postoperative active pronation degrees for radius rotation osteotomy, radial
head excision and distal radio-ulnar synostosis changed from -70° to -4° and from -53° to 43° and -80°
to -19° respectively .
Conclusion: Satisfactory functional and postural improvements may be obtained with palliative surgeries
that involve either the soft tissue or the bone in the setting of forearm supination deformities that are late
sequelae of BPBP.

STUDY AIM: In this study, it was aimed to identify the accurate and inaccurate conceptions among the society on COVID-19 disease, which is considered as a public health problem and has a high risk of transmission. 

METHODS: The research was performed online at https://docs.google.com/forms in May 2020. The questionnaire form was composed of 40 queries, which were on sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19. Following the study, the answers obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by inserting related data to the software of SPSS. 

RESULTS: Of 580 participants involved in the study, 363 (62.6%) were female. The median age of the participants was 34.0 (18.0-77.0). Of the individuals who completed the questionnaire, 342 (59.0%) were married and 438 (75.5%) were university graduated and / or postgraduated. Of the individuals included in the study, 497 (85.6%) stated that they watched television / news channels to be informed about COVID-19. Most of the questions related to COVID-19 were answered accurately by the participants. The percentage of the premise, which was answered most accurately, was 577 (99.5%), whereas the lowest percentage of the accurately answered premise was 137 (23.6%). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference among the genders in terms of the percentage of accurate responses to the conceptions (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: It was determined that the vast majority of the participants utilized from at least one news resource on COVID-19. Participants typically have accurate knowledge about COVID-19. Educational programs can be planned to enhance the awareness of the society about the conceptions, which were answered mostly inaccurately.

Aim: Investigate the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of response of the locally
advanced rectal cancer to the chemoradiotheraphy (CR T).
Patients and Methods: T2-weighted and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) of 24 cases with locally advanced
rectal cancer who have undergone total mesorectal excision 6-8 weeks following the CRT between 2015 and
2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The evaluated radiological parameters were as follows; Tumor morphology,
localization, length, mrT/mrN stages, and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI). Post-CRT MRI residue scoring
was performed (0: No residual tumor, 1: No significant residual tumor, fibrotic wall thickening, 2: Residual tumor
present). Regression grading was as follows; 1: No tumor, 2: Good response, mostly fibrosis, 3: Fibrosis and
mucin more than 50%, 4: Slight response, 5: No response.
Results: There was a significant decrease in the craniocaudal length of tumor and a significant increase
in the mean ADC of tumor after CRT (p=0.001). A significant and high correlation was observed between
histopathological T (pT) and post-CRT mrT (r=0.54, p=0.006). There was a significant correlation between pre-
CRT EMVI and perineural invasion (PNI) (r=0.53, p=0.008). A significant correlation was found between residue
scoring and regression grading (r=0.6; p=0.001), pT (r=0.48; p=0.02), and tumor length (r:0.51; p=0.01). There
was a significant correlation between regression grading and EMVI (r=0.43, p=0.036), PNI (r=0.46, p=0.02), pT
(r=0.41; p=0.048), pN (r=0.55; p=0.006), and metastatic/total lymph node ratio (r=0.46; p=0.02).
Conclusion: Post-CRT MRI is highly correlated with postoperative pathological evaluation of the locally
advanced rectal cancer. MRI is highly successful in re-staging as well as primary staging. The evaluation of
treatment response by MRI regression grading may contribute to the surgical planning.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the kidney function, hypertension development and
proteinuria in individuals with only one kidney .
Patients and Methods: The study included 96 patients who had previously undergone nephrectomy with
the causes of nephrolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis-induced nonfunctional kidney, RCC (Renal Cell
carcinoma), trauma, and donor nephrectomy among 17800 patients who applied to the Siirt State Hospital
Nephrology and Urology outpatient clinics between January 2016 and December 2019. The data of the
patients were obtained from patient files database retrospectiv ely.
Results: A total of 96 patients, 45 female and 51 male, were included in the study. 23 (24%) of the
patients had donor nephrectomy (DN), and 73 (76%) had nephrectomy (DE) due to nephrolithiasis, chronic
pyelonephritis, trauma, and renal cell cancer (RCC). The patients were divided into two groups as those
who underwent DN and DE due to other etiologies. Between DN and DE group, there was no statistically
significant difference in terms of mean age, distribution of gender, presence of HT before nephrectomy,
DM, presence of hematuria and new onset proteinuria (P> 0.05). Compared to the DN group, the frequency
of new onset in CKD and HT development was significantly higher DE group.
Conclusion: Nephrectomy is a risk factor for the development of CKD, proteinuria and hypertension.
Therefore, preventive measures should be taken in a timely manner to reduce the prevalence of
nephrectomies due to benign diseases.

Aim: Hypoxemia is a vital criterion used to determine prognosis in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
cases. This study thus examined the effectiveness of capillary refill time (CRT) in defining hypoxiadependent
disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted with COVID-19 patients and an agematched
healthy group. The optimum test ambiance was provided, and a stable smartphone platform
was used to record the measurements (in ms) to standardize our method. The captured videos were then
evaluated using a video processing program.
Results: In total, 39 patients with COVID-19 and 40 control groups participated in this study. The patients
were further divided into the moderate (n = 25) or severe group (n = 14) according to disease severity.
The mean oxygen saturation of both moderate/severe groups was above 94%. Per disease severity, the
CRT measurements were higher in the severe group than in the moderate group (p = 0.009). In patients
without lymphopenia (n = 18), CRT values were found to be increased in the severe group (p = 0.008).
The use of CRT in patients with Covid-19 was practicable (AUC: 0.91; 95% CI 0.848-0.978; P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Our results show that CRT prolongation can occur in patients with COVID-19. In patients
without lymphopenia and with normal O2 levels, detecting CRT prolongation may be a criterion for early
admission to ICU.

Aim: Psychological dependence and smoking desire are as important as physical dependence on smoking.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the addiction levels and smoking urge of people who want
to quit smoking on their success.
Patients and Methods: This study, which is a cross-sectional analytical study, was conducted people who
applied to a smoking cessation clinic between 10 January 2020 - 30 April 2020. Sociodemographic information
form, the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT) and the Test for the Assessment of the Psychological
Addiction of Smoking (APAS) were applied and CO levels were measured. Motivational interviews were made
and treatments were arranged if necessary. The Carbon monoxide (CO) levels of the patients who were called
for control one month later were measured and the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) was applied.
Those with a CO level of 5 ppm and above were considered to be unable to quit smoking.
Results: The average age of 176 patients participating in the study was 37.68±11.89 years and 81.3% were
male. The mean of cigarette consumption per pack was 23.42±16.06, the average FNDT was 6.13±2.39
and the CO was 13.33±6.31 ppm. APAS scale mean score was 15.19±2.63 points. According to the FNDT
score, 41.5% of the patients were highly dependent, and 6.8% according to the APAS score were severely
dependent. Control CO level of the patients who came for control one month later was found to be 5.03±3.03
ppm. Accordingly, 67.6% of the patients could not quit smoking, and the mean QSU score was 33.56±15.71.
FNDT, APAS and QSU scale mean scores of those who quit smoking were statistically significantly lower than
those who did not quit smoking (p=0.015, p<0.001 and p=0.025, respectively).
Conclusion: Those who are high psychological dependence to smoking have low success to quitting smoking.
Psychological addiction such as nicotine addiction of those who apply to smoking cessation clinics should be
evaluated and ways of coping with smoking desire should be expl ained during motivational interviews.

Aim: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) is essentially hepatopathic, there are many extra-hepatic symptoms that may develop with associated HCV infection. Of these, dermatological findings constitute a significant proportion of extra-hepatic symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate dermatological diseases accompanying to chronic HCV infection in our region. 
Patients and Methods: From a total of 2050 patients diagnosed and followed up for chronic HCV infection in the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinics in a 12-years period between 2008 and 2020, 394 determined with concurrent dermatological disease were included in the study. 
Results: Chronic HCV patients diagnosed with dermatological disease comprised 218 (%58.6) females and 176 (%41.4) males with a mean age of 56±17 years. In the patients with chronic HCV infection presenting at the dermatology outpatient clinic, pruritus was determined most (%18.5) and followed by contact dermatitis (%17.5). At univariate analyses female gender (p:0,005, OR:3,329, CI 95% [1,439-7,701]) and advanced age (p:0,013, OR:1,029, CI 95% [1,006-1,052]) were detected as significant variables of frequent dermatological diseases. The female gender ( p: 0,038, OR:2,682, CI 95% [1,054-6,826]) was detected as the predictor of most frequent dermatological diagnoses in chronic HCV infection at multivariate logistic regression analysis. 
Conclusion: The most common reasons for presentation of patients with HCV infection at the dermatology outpatient clinic were determined to be pruritus and contact dermatitis. The frequency and variability of the diagnoses seen in chronic hepatitis C patients after presentation at the dermatology outpatient clinic suggest the need for further studies in this area with more standardised patient groups using standard laboratory techniques.
 

Aim: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) events covering deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary
embolism (PE) constitute the most important morbidity-mortality cause in obesity surgery. The objective
of this study was to assessment of thromboembolism results in patients who underwent bariatric surgery
with standard dose prophylaxis.
Patients and Methods: The patients who were operated for morbid obesity in our clinic between 2015 and
2019 were retrospectively examined. Cases that had laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and were applied
standard dose Enoxaparin prophylaxis were included in the study. Demographic data, preoperative
preparation and postoperative antiembolic treatment conditions of the patients were registered.
Results: Eighty-seven patients who had laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were included in the study. 66
(%75,8) of the patients were female and 21 (%24,1) were male. The mean age was 38.7 (18-55). Mean
hospitalization duration was 6.6 (3-69) days. Four patients (% 4,5) had postoperative complication. PE
developed in two patients while leak-related mediastinitis and incisional hernia (%1,1) developed in one
case each.
Conclusion: Despite available prophylaxis methods, VTE constitutes an important morbidity and mortality
cause in patients who had bariatric surgery. While high-dose low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) use
may cause bleeding, the possibility of VTE increases with using low-dose LMWH. This situation appears
as a limitation of LMWHs. New studies are needed for increased dose at early period and standard dose
application after discharge.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and
demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters and predictory non-high density lipoprotein to high
density lipoprotein ratio.
Material and Methods: Between February and September 2020, 329 patients with fatty liver prediagnosis
were evaluated prospectively. Laboratory (whole blood counts, transaminases, lipid profiles, 25-oh vitamin
d3 levels) and ultrasonography findings, body height, body weight and body mass index of patients were
compared between fatty liver and control groups.
Results: Fatty liver was diagnosed in 164 patients out of 329 participants. There were significant
relationships between existence of fatty liver and age, body weight, body mass index, triglyceride
levels, non-high density lipoprotein, non-high density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein ratios. Also
relationships between severity of fatty liver and body weight, alanine aminotransferase and body mass
index were found to be significant. There were no relationship between existence of fatty liver and
monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio and vitamin D levels. Linear regression analysis for Non-HDL/
HDL ratio in diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver, revealed a correlation coefficient as r=0.179. Positive
and negative predictive values for Non-HDL/HDL ratio in diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver were, 56.3%
and 60.9%, respectively .
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between fatty liver and non-high density lipoprotein to
high density lipoprotein ratio. This ratio may be a simple and readily available predictor in patients with
fatty liver.

Aim: Cardiac masses are rare and categorized as non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Different imaging
methods play a vital role in the diagnosis and surgical planning of cardiac masses. Echocardiography
is the primary method of mass detection. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) are used to detect and monitor cardiac masses. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of
radiology in the detection of rare cardiac masses and treatment planning.
Patients and Methods: Admission symptoms of five patients with cardiac masses detected in our
radiology unit between 2018 and 2021, the imaging methods in which the lesions were determined, and
whether the imaging findings were consistent with their patholo gical diagnosis were evaluated.
Results: The masses of patients diagnosed with lymphoma, pleomorphic sarcoma, and hemangioma
were larger than 3 cm. The margins of the malignant masses were ill-defined, and invasion into adjacent
structures was seen. Cardiac hemangioma, pericardial cyst, and myxoma had diagnostic radiological
findings.
Conclusion: It is significant to know the imaging findings according to the pathological diagnosis of
cardiac masses in patient management and treatment planning.

Aim: Autologous bone harvesting is the gold standard for grafting in a variety of orthopaedic procedures.
The aims of this study were to introduce an alternative technique of K-wire guided, multidirectional
percutaneous bone graft harvesting with Jamshidi from the anterior iliac crest, and to put forward the early
comparative clinical results of this technique.
Patients and Methods: 38 patients, who underwent a variety of hand surgeries in which bone grafting was
required between January and November 2013, were included in this retrospective, comparative study.
The included diagnoses of the patients were; non-unions of hand and wrist bone fractures, and benign
bone tumors. The prospectively collected data of patients were retrospectively evaluated in two groups.
Iliac crest autograft harvesting were performed with a standardized open technique, and with a novel
percutaneous technique -which will be described in the subsequent section- in group I, and II, respectively.
The mean age of the patients was 29.6 +/- 6.4, and 28.6 +/- 8.2 in group I, and II, respectively. The patients’
postoperative pain related with the perception of the pain and surgical scar, were evaluated according to the
graded Visual Analogue Scale; at postoperative 6th months. Statistically , Mann-Whitney U test was used.
Results: There were no major postoperative complications in the percutaneous group. Regarding pain,
mid-term at postoperative 6th months, VAS scores were found to be lower in group II than in group I,
significantly (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: The novel K-wire guided bone graft harvesting with Jamshidi from the iliac crest is a safe and
patient-friendly method in terms of postoperative pain reduction. This technique is useful in small joint and
bone surgeries, requiring bone grafting. The results of this study should be further supported with higher
level of evidence studies.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes due to COVID-19
vaccines and the factors affecting hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes in F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in on cology patients.
Patients and Methods: Among the patients who underwent FDG PET/CT in our institution between
January 15, 2021, and June 15, 2021, those who received one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccine
(CoronaVac or Biontech) were included in the study. Presence and number of ipsilateral hypermetabolic
axillary lymph nodes, FDG uptake, and whether there was a difference between these data after the 1st
and 2nd vaccination were investigated.
Results: Unilateral hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes was observed in 9.9% (18/182) of the patients
[9.6% (9/94) after 1st dose, 10.2% (9/88) after 2nd dose] vaccinated with CoronaVac; It was detected in
37.5% (9/24) of the patients [35% (7/20) after 1st dose, 50% (2/4) after 2nd dose] who vaccinated with
Biontech. A negative correlation was found between the presence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes
and age in patients who vaccinated with CoronaV ac.
Conclusion: The frequency of hipermetabolik aksiller lenf nodu after CoronaVac was lower than that
observed after mRNA vaccines, a small group of patients in our study, and lower than reported in the
literature. However, the statistical difference could not be evaluated due to the insufficient number of
patients in the Biontech group. A brief history of vaccination is recommended before FDG PET/CT to
reduce false positives. The potential role of FDG PET/CT in comparing the efficacy of vaccines produced
with dif ferent biotechnologies should be searched in studies with large r patient populations.

Optogenetics is a biological technique that uses light to turn on or turn off certain groups of neurons in the
brain. The advantage of optogenetics is that it has cell specificity. In this way, certain groups of neurons
can be targeted and all their functions can be examined. In optogenetics, light is transformed into electrical
potentials that form the function of a neuron and loaded onto specific neurons with proteins called opsin.
When light is shined on the designated area of the brain, only opsin-loaded neurons are activated, and in this
way the desired potential is created. The first studies of optogenetics were sending light to the brain through
optical fibers, so that the subjects were physically connected to a control station. Later, researchers used
wireless electronics to allow subjects to move freely with a battery-free technique. However, these devices
have proved difficult to use because they are large in volume and often attached to the outside of the skull
visibly, do not allow precise control of the frequency or intensity of light, and can only stimulate one area of
the brain at a time. Which area of the brain the light will select, the control of the intensity of the light, and
the prevention of accidental activation of the neurons that are activated by the heat produced by the light
sources are important for studies. The development of optogenetic methods will make it easier to provide
diagnosis and treatment methods of many diseases with photons. Studies in brain regions related to nutrition
by optogenetic method are also very important in terms of treatment of nutritional disorders (hyperphagia,
anorexia, etc.).

Usher syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome leading to hearing and vision loss. Three types of Ushers syndrome have been described based on severity of hearing loss and presence or absence of vestibular symptoms. Although several mental disorders have been seen to be associated with Ushers syndrome, the awareness of the same is lacking in the medical community. There have been only few case reports of Ushers syndrome and psychosis, with visual and auditory hallucinations being the predominant feature in these cases. Hereby the author discusses a unique case of ushers syndrome and psychosis in absence of any hallucinations.

Although foreign body embolization is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, the increase in the number of procedures results in this problem being more frequently encountered by interventional cardiologists. Contemporary case studies have reported the rate of stent stripping to be below 1%. Interventional cardiologists attend to a considerable number of cases in everyday practice and witness a diverse spectrum of complications. Stent stripping can result in severe complications such as emergency coronary bypass surgery, coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular event and death. Thus, the proper management of stent stripping is important for reducing the risk of mortality and morbidity. In this article, we present a case of left main coronary artery stent stripping; we discuss the removal procedure and the complications that arose.

Epidermoid cyst refers to the implantation of epidermal elements into the dermal and deeper tissues. In head and neck, incidence ranges from 1.6 to 7%. In the tonsillar area it is extremely rare i.e less than 0.01%. They occur in fetal period  as congenital lesion or as an acquired lesion  either due to a trauma or  as post surgery implant. In this case report, we will discuss the epidermoid cyst, in a 46-year-old male who presented with history of pain in the throat with previous history of bilateral tonsillectomy.