Makale Arama

Lung cancer is the most common among cause of cancer deaths in worldwide. NSCLC represent between 80% to 85% of all the diagnosed lung cancers cases. Systemic chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC has limited impact on overall survival. Patients eligible for chemotherapy should be selected carefully. The aim of this study analyzed prognostic factors for survival in NSCLC patients. We retrospectively reviewed 741 NSCLC patients between 2000 and 2012. Ten potential prognostic variables were chosen for analysis in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with survival. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to determine prognostic factors. Among the 10 variables of univariate analysis, three variables were identified to have prognostic significance: performans status (PS), diabetes mellitus (DM) and stage. Multivariate analysis included the 3 prognostic significance factors in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model showed that PS was considered independent prognostic factors for survival, as were DM and stage. In conclusion, PS, DM and stage were identified as important prognostic factors in NSCLC patients. These findings may also facilitate pretreatment prediction of survival and can be used for selecting patients for treatment.

Purpose: In the case of the skeletal muscie metastasis of lung cancer the authors report radiographic, CT scan and MRI findings of painful masses in the femoral regions. Muscle biopsy revealed extensive infiltration of the muscle with carcinoma cells. Case: A 68 year-old man presented with a large cavitary lesion with thickened wall in the left hilus on radiogrraphy and CT scan. The diagnosis of the lung cancer was made by bronchoalveolar lavage. The radiograph did not Show any soft tissue mass, except periosteal reaction. MRI showed a tumoral mass in the right quadriceps muscle with signal intensity slightly lower on T1-weighted and higher in T2-weighted images than surrounding muscle tissue.Needle biopsy revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The patient died six month later. Conclusion: MRI is more useful technique than the other methods for determination of the localization, the relationship of the surrounding tissues and the manifestations of metastatic masses on the skeletal muscle due to malign tumor of the lung.

Aim: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with an aggressive course and short survival. Conventional chemotherapy (CT) is the mainstay of SCLC treatment. However, the majority of information on chemotherapy (CT), as well as information on demographic data of patients, is based on studies from several decades ago. In this study, we aimed to determine the current demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCLC and to determine their responses to the treatments.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study. Definitions of survival were overall survival (TOS) and survival after metastasis (MOS). TOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis to the date of death or last visit. MOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis of metastasis to the date of death or last visit.

Results: The data of 161 patients were analyzed. Response rates obtained with 1st line CT, 2nd line CT, and 3rd line CT were 72.2%, 43.3%, and 40.4%, respectively. The median TOS and median MOS were calculated as 15.7 months (0.03-106.97) and 13.79 months (0.03-79.54), respectively. Although they were metastatic, ten patients had never received first-line CT, and the median MOS was 1.88 months and 14.62 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Twenty-one (18.9%) of the 111 patients who needed second-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was 8.39 months and 18.45 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Eighteen of the 65 patients (27.7%) who required the third-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was found to be 15.36 months and 23.86 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. The presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters affecting the median TOS. And, poor performance status and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters parameters affecting the median MOS.

Conclusions: In this study, it was confirmed that early diagnosis of SCLC was associated with a survival advantage. It was shown that the patients who received and were able to tolerate the treatment had obtained a survival advantage, regardless of the disease phase.

In The Patients With Lung Cancer It is well known that lung cancer is one of the main causes of the paraneoplastic neuropathy syn-dromes. Although the lung cancer has remote effect on peripheral nerves, whether it affects central neu-ronal pathways is not clear. In this study visual, auditory and somatosen-soriel evoked evoked potentials (VEP,BAEP,SEP re-spectively) are recorded in the 28 patients with lung cancer in whom no cerebral metastase were found-ed. Nerve conduction study showed sensory neurop-athy in 7 patients (25%). VEP latencies were path-ologically delayed in 4 patients (19.'4%). Frequency in the abnormal delay of SEP (N19 and 131) is also 19.4%. BAEP could not he elicited in 5 patients (17.24%). We concluded that central neuronal path-ways are also he influenced by remote effect of the lung cancer. However its central effect is not so _fre-quent as peripheral one.

Occult breast cancer is a type of cancer with no symptoms found upon physical examination on the breasts or which can not be radiologically shown. It generally manifests itself with axillary metastasis with no known primary tumor. Breast cancer in males is rarely seen. Occult breast cancer, on the other hand, is even rarer and only case reports were found in literature. A 46-year-old male patient had excisional biopsy at another medical facility because of a palpable mass on his right armpit. The pathological diagnosis had stated that the patient had adenocarcinoma metastasis with symptoms implying an infiltrative ductal carcinoma metastasis of the breast. Abdominal and thoracic tomography, upper and lower gastrointestinal system endoscopy procedures were performed on the patient in order to determine the primary focus. Breast ultrasonography, breast magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography were also performed. Upon not being able to detect any positive findings, the patient was considered to have occult breast carcinoma and modified radical mastectomy was performed. In conclusion, in the presence of metastatic lymph node with no known primary tumor in the axillary, the possibility of occult breast cancer should be taken into consideration even if the patient is male.

Skeletal muscle metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event and the optimal treatment strategy is still unknown. Herein we report a case with biceps metastasis from NSCLC. A 50-year-old man with a distant biceps metastasis due to NSCLC is presented. One month after chemo-radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy the patient was readmitted with a painful mass located on the right biceps brachii muscle. A biopsy of the painful mass disclosed the muscle metastasis pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy was planned. At the end of the palliative radiotherapy his pain was disappeared. Two months later (18 months after the diagnosis) the patient died of respiratory failure. Palliative radiotherapy may be a good treatment option for patient with muscle metastasis from NSCLC.

Elastofibroma dorsi is a rare, benign tumor, characterized by fibroblastic proliferation and accumulation of abnormal elastic fibers. It is located in the subscapular region between the scapula and the thoracic wall. Especially, the suspicion of soft tissue sarcoma may produce anxiety. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings are usually typical; and, positron emission tomography may also contribute to the diagnosis. Diagnosis can be made easily with typical localization and imaging findings. We present clinical and imaging findings in three cases of elastofibroma dorsi.

A retrospective study was performed to investigate the mortality among the patients hospitalized in department of chest diseases Dicle University medical school clinic. The patients passed out in this clinic in the period from January 2004 to May 2009 were evaluated. It was determined that totally 4417 patients were hospitalized (8892 hospitalization) in this period and 384 (8.6%) of them resulted in death. The mean age of the patients was 66.8±15.3 and 92 (33%) were women and 187 (67%) were men. The principal causes of their mortality were pneumonia in 92 patients (33.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 87 (31.2%) patients, pulmonary cancer in 52 (18.6%) patients, tuberculosis (TB) in 18 (6.5%) patients, pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) in 18 (6.5%) patients and another diseases in 12 (4,2%). When the accompanying diseases were evaluated, no additional diseases were determined in 130 (46.6%) patients; 41 patients (14.7%) had cardiac disorders, 22 patients (7.9%) had cancers outside the lungs, 18 patients (6.5%) had cor pulmonale, 17 patients (6.1%) had neurologic disorders, 15 patients (5.4%) had renal diseases, 10 patients (3.6%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 9 patients (3.1%) had TB and 17 patients (6.1) had unclassified disorders. In conclusion, we think that the knowledge about their mortality rates and the causes of mortality is useful for every clinic for their approach to the patients and considering the accompanying diseases is helpful to decrease the mortality

Objective: The aim was to review the hormonal status, treatment and histopathological diagnosis of patients admitted to our endocrinology outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of adrenal incidentaloma.

Material and Methods:Between 2015-2018, 217 patients with adrenal incidentaloma who were admitted to the endocrinology outpatient clinic were included in the study. 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST), 24 hour urine free cortisol, 24-hour urine methanephrine and normetanephrine levels were evaluated in all patients.Patients who also have hypertension or hypokalemiawere screened for the plasma aldosterone/renin activity ratio. CT or MRI imaging properties of adrenal incidentalomas were screened.

Results: In the evaluation of cases; 180 (83%) of the masses were evaluated as non-functional and 37 (17%) as functional. Of the 37 patients evaluated as having functional adrenal mass; 10 (4.6%) pheochromocytoma, 5 (2.3%) Cushing's syndrome, 9 (4.1%) subclinical Cushing’s syndrome and 13 (6%) primary hyperaldesteronism were detected. In 180 patients who were evaluated as having non-functional adrenal mass; metastatic disease in 7 (3 non-small cell lung cancer, 1 breast cancer, 1 prostate carcinoma and 2 unknown primary cancer), myelolipoma in 4, ganglioneuroma in 1, hydatid cyst in 1, adrenocortical carcinoma in 2 patients were detected.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is not uncommon for adrenal incidentalomas to be functional. It may be malignant in some cases. For this reason, adrenal incidentaloma is a condition that should be examined both in terms of
functionality and malignancy potential.

Tuberculosis is a disease that can mostly be diagnosed, and may involve all organs; however also may frequently mimic other disease of the involved organs and sometimes causes diagnostic problems. In our case we presented a patient that we thought to be lung cancer, however diagnosed as tuberculosis after the evaluations. We think that in countries with high tuberculosis incidence and prevalence such as our country, tuberculosis should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis in every clinical and radiological feature.

Aim

The decision to start treatment in sarcoidosis is made based on clinical and radiological findings and changes in pulmonary function test findings during follow-up, and more useful tools are needed in treatment management. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron required important tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) contains important information about the extent of sarcoidosis. On the other hand, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) opens as a good prognostic marker for tissue-related inflammation. This study evaluated the relationship between the 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of sarcoidosis and NLR and other clinical findings.

Material and methods

The data of the patient who was diagnosed with sarcoidosis after 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' age, gender, NLR values, smoking status, extrathoracic involvement and symptoms, and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were compared.

Results

This study consisted of 41 patients. There was a strong correlation between NLR and whole body total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and moderate correlation between  MAIA and NLR (r values: 0.852, 0.660, both of them p value: <0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between the groups showing only thoracic involvement and additional extrathoracic involvement with MAIA, TLG and NLR values (p values,: 0.002, 0.001 and, 0.003, respectively). In the classification made according to the symptoms of the patients, there was no significant difference between the groups with SUVmax, MAIA, TLG and NLR values. Median values were found to be significantly higher in the elderly group (p values: 0.037 and 0.040, respectively). In the classification made according to gender; there was no significant difference in both PET/CT parameters and NLR values.

Conclusion

The close relationship between the NLR value, which is accepted as a prognostic indicator in sarcoidosis, and the 18F-FDG PET / CT findings which show the involvement of the disease in the whole body, may provide the clinician with significant benefits in treatment management.

We analyzed the different parameters of the 95 cases with pulmonary carcinoma hospitalized in Chest De-partment of Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty rn June1995- July1998 years and we made a general evaluatiorı of the cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 33.7%, adenocarcinoma in 25.3%, small carcinoma in 13.7%, large cell carcinoma in 2.1% and metastatic carcinoma in 8.4%. 16.9% of patients had na histapathologic diagnoses. Of these patients, 9.46% was in stage I, 13.51% was in stage Il, 18.92% was in stage II1A, 2702% was in stage I/IB and 31.08% was in stage IV. 81.05% of patients were smokers, when amount was considered, it was 50.70 packlyear for small cell carcinoma, 44.75 packlyear for metastatic lung cancer, 43.75 packlyear for squamous celf carcinoma and 38.00 packlyear for adenocarcinoma. When clinical findings were considered, cough (68.4%) and weight loss (63.4%) were seen most in patients. While central localization was seen 76.9% in small cell carcinoma, 62.5% in squamous cell carcirıoma; peripheric localization (71.0%) was seen mostly in adenocarcinoma. Parancimal infiltration was detected most often in squamous cell carcinorrıa (72%), soliter nodule in metastatic lung carcinoma (63%), neoplastic cavity in large cell carcinoma (50%), pleural effusion iri adenocarcinoma (46%) and mediastinal enlargement in small cell carcinoma (54%). Histopathologic diagnoses were detected by means of bronchoscopic biopsy and lavage (51.89%), sputum cytology (17.73%), pleural punc-Non and biopsy (17.73%) and transthoracal fine needle biopsy (12.65%).

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and second cancer leading death among cancer deaths in women (after lung cancer). Simultaneous bilateral breast cancer is seen 1-2% and metachronous 5-8%. Bilateral breast cancer has worse prognosis than unilateral breast cancer. Locoregional recurrences after mastectomy is often occure in bone, muscle, skin or subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall, and that was seen approximately until 2 years. In skin metastases; asymmetric nodules, eritematose rash, itching, bleeding, ulceration, symptoms and signs such as necrotic exuda can be seen. Breast cancer treatment should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Radiotherapy in these patients are curative or palliative. In this case, we aimed to show the effectiveness of the electron beam in modern radiotherapy.

Medical interventions to the patients from whom healing expectations (with the current technological and scientific data) were considered to be lost are being ethically discussed about the benefit and loss to the patient. When it is about the limited sources of the country, particularly like the intensive care units, it becomes an administrative issue. In this study we evaluated the patients in the terminal phase of their diseases with no expectancy of healing, hospitalized in the medical intensive care unit (ICU)of our university hospital. Thirteen terminal phase patients out of 73 patients hospitalized between 25 October 2010 and 30 April 2011 were evaluated retrospectively in ICU. Eleven of the patients had oncological disease (6 lung cancers and 5 other organ cancers). These patients had widespread metastases not responding to therapy. Tree of the other patients had ejection fraction lower than 15% following myocardial infarction with no chance for transplantation due to low health status, one had advanced respiratory muscle involvement due to muscular dystrophy, the another had intersitisyel lung diseases with severe respiratory failure, the other had liver cirrhosis with multiple complications. Fifteen patients died in the intensive care unit, whereas two patient was discharged with home mechanical ventilator support. Medical cost of the patients was 208.200,640/TL. They were hospitalized for 233 bed/days. The number of beds occupied by these terminal phase patients in this period were considered to be high. Foundation of palliative care units or hospice service with necessary law evaluations, is very useful and important not only for optimal use of limited financial sources but also for comfort of patient and relatives.

Aim: In the present study, the aim is to determine whether centromere protein H (CENPH) gene expression levels change in prostate carcinoma (PCa).
Materials and Methods: Prostate tissue sample of 40 patients with primary prostate cancer was used in the study. Hence, transcriptional analysis of the CENPH gene was conducted in the total paraffin embedded prostate tissues extracted from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The expression analyses were obtained from the comparison of the expressions within the tumoral and non-tumoral areas in the prostate tissue of the same patient.
Results: Separate RNA isolation was performed. Subsequent qRT-PCR analyzes were repeated three times and quality controls of the Ct values were performed on the obtained data. The Ct values of the expression of the housekeeping gene GAPDH and the target gene CENPH gene were compared in tissue (tumor and normal) and technical repeat groups. There was no statistically significant difference in CENPH gene expression between tumor and normal tissue specimens in prostate cancer. Moreover, on investigating the causes of death, in none of the patients PCa related death was determined. 
Conclusion: In our study, we could not find any relationship with prostate cancer tumorogenesis in CENPH gene expression anomalies. However, some cancers (non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, etc) with high CENPH gene expression are associated with tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis and drugresistance. More studies are needed on CENPH gene expression and its effect on prostate cancer.

Mediastinoscopy is a widely used technique in the diagnosis of staging of lung cancer and primary and secondary mediastinal disease. İt was reported that mediastinoscopy was greater than sensitivity of %75 and specificity of % 90. We retrospectively revievved 24 mediastinoscopy performed in our clinic betvveen January 1999 and December 2002. There were 17 men and 7 women aged from 24 to 77 (mean age 57 years ) and the duration of operation was 30- 60 minutes. Eight patients had mediastinoscopy for the staging of lung cancer and sixteen patients for diagnosis of mediastinal mass. İn 3 of 8 patients N2 and N3 disease was identified. İt was suggested that these patients were inoperable. İn six- teen patients with mediastinal disease, sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 5 patients, non small celi lung cancer in 4 patients, tuberculosis in 4 patients, lymphoma in one patient, lung fibrosis and reactive lymph nodes in two patients. There were no complications and mortality in our cases. We conclude that mediastinoscopy is highly effective and safe procedure in the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases and staging of the lung cancers.

Colon and rectum cancer, is called for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer, is a major health problem especially of developed western countries. The prevalence in U.S., Canada, Britain France, Germany varies between 40-60 per thousand faces. In the United States per year is approximately 150.000, in Europe, 170,000 ,a million new cases are seen all in the world. The prevalence of new cases of cancer in the U.S. in the third place receives 11%, while in European countries after lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death (1).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytologic and histopathologic results of sputum, bronchial lavage fluid, and biopsy materials and to compare their diagnostic Utilities especially in the patiets with malignity. Sputum and bronchial lavage cytologies and bronchial biopsies send to the pathology department of medical faculty between January 1996 and December 2000 were reevaluated by archive scanning. Malign lung cytologies and biopsies were compared with each other, as well as diagnostic distribution of cytology. Of the 1140 sputum cytology mate­ rial, 8.7% had malignant diagnosis. For the patient having single sputum specimen, the rate of malign diagnosis was 2.2%, and for those multipl sputum specimens 18.1%>. Of the 283 bronchial lavage material, 8.6% had malig­ nant diagnosis. The rates of malignant diagnosis were 6.8% and 24.2% for the patient having single lavage spec­ imen and multipl specimens respectively. The number of the patient with negative malignity for biopsy and posi­ tive malignity for sputum was 31 and similaly lavage positive and biopsy negative was 10. Cytologic diagnoses were negative in 41 of the 63 patients who having both each material (sputum, lavage biopsy) and diagnosed with biopsies. İn this patients when sputum and bronchial lavage are evaluated with together the rate of positive diag­ nosis was 34.9°/o, for sputum it self 30.2%> and for bronchial lavage 17.5%>. İn the 185 patient considered to have malignity positive results were obtained in the rates of 62.7%, 29.8%, 11.49% and 84.9% for biopsy, sputum, lavage and ali, respectively. As conclusion, repeated sputum cytologies increases the rate of positive diagnosis as much as 8 times, and bronchial lavage 3.5 times. Positive diagnoses will significantly increases if three diagnos­ tic methods are evaluated with together (p<0.001). İn the case of biopsy failure, the diagnostic importance sputum and bronchial lavage is further increasing.

Tumors In This study, anti-HCV seropozitivity was inves-tigated in 46 new diagnosed patients with different solid tumors without hepatocelluler carcinoma, which they have not received any transfusion or sur-gical operation. The positivity was evaluated using by second generation ELISA system. Patients are consist of 14 lung cancer (Ca), 7 lymphoma, 5 breast Ca, 5 hipernephroma and 15 other tumors. Anti-HCV positivity was in 5 (10.8%) of 46 pa-tients, and 4 of this positive patients were with lung Ca (4114,28.5%), and 1 was with brain Ca (113). ALT levels were normal, serum iron and iron-binding capacily were decrased in all patients, hae-moglobin and haemotocrit were also decreased in 73.9% of patients. In addition, 3 patients (6.5%) HBsAg, 21 patients (45.6%) anti HBc were found to be positive. As a result, the high positivity of anti-HBc while the HBsAg was low positive showed that there was IIBV infection, and the HCV infecton was alsa expected with the same transmission ways. Anti-HCV positivity as a marker of HCV infection-which can produce the chronic carrier state is more expected in cancer patients. They have allected immun status than normal population, but 4 of 5 posi-tivity was in Lung Ca patients is of great interest.

Purpose: It was aimed to present the clinical and functional results of the patients who underwent tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction due to malignant tumor around the elbow.

Methods: 14 patients who underwent tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction due to malignant tumor in the elbow circumference between 2011-2018 in our clinic were included in the study. While 4 of the patients were primary tumors (1 fibromixoid sarcoma, 1 leimyosarcoma, 1 multiple myeloma and 1 ewing sarcoma), 10 were distant organ metastases (4 breast cancer, 3 lung cancer, 1 stomach cancer, 1 renal cell cancer and 1 thyroid cancer). Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and survival were evaluated.

Results: The minimum follow-up period of the patients was 7 months, and the maximum follow-up period was 55 months. The mean MEPS score of the patients was 67.5 ± 12.0 (range, 45-90), and the mean of the MSTS score was 19.4 ± 2.3 (range, 16-24). Recurrence occurred at follow-up in 3 patients and exitus at follow-up in 7 patients. In this study, the median survival time of the patients was 44 months. The 1-year survival rate was 70.1% while the 3-year survival rate was 54.5%.

Conclusion: Pain and functional results are satisfactory in patients who undergo tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction due to malignant tumor around the elbow. In the future, studies with larger patient series are needed.

D and older filan 30 years of age were included toget her with control group which was also consisted of 122 patients older than 30 years of age without having lung Ca and COPD. About 45% of lung Ca and COPD petients and 25% of the control group were passive smokers. Higher percentage of passive smokers in the study groups were statistically meaningful (p<0.01). The risk of having lung Ca and COPD among the passive smokers was 2.4 (Odds ratio fOR]=2.4,..95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2-4.5 ). In conclusion, we can state that to live in and to work in a cleaner environment is the right of individuals and the measures to be taken ejfectively to provide better living conditions.