Aim: Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, may affect several body systems and cause various clinical manifestations considering the infection sites. Diagnosis of brucellosis is mainly based on culture and serological methods, specifically Rose Bengal agglutination (RBT) and standard tube agglutination tests (STA). When RBT, which is usually used as a screening method, is positive for Brucella antigens, STA is prefered to detect an agglutination titre by using serial dilutons of serum sample. On the otherhand, false negative results can be obtained by STA due to the presence of blocking antibodies. The refore, these two methods may be in adequate for diagnosis of Brucellosis. The aim of this study is to compare a novel method, Brucella Coombs gel test (BCGT) with other four serological methods, RBT, STA, Brucella immune-capture agglutination test (BCAP), and Brucella ELISA IgG, IgM tests. Patients and Methods: Serum samples taken from 100 patients, admitted from various clinics at Konya Training and Research Hospital were sent to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory with a clinical diagnosis of Brucellosis. Each serum sample was studied with RBT (Seromed Laboratory Products, Turkey), STA (Biomedica, Canada), BCAP (Brucellacapt, Vircell SD Spain), BCGT (ODAK, ISLAB, Turkey), and ELISA Brucella IgG, IgM (Euroimmune, Germany) methods. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Results: The rates of positive results for each method were as follows: BCGT 88 (88.0%), RBT 74 (74.0%), STA 56 (56.0%), BCAP 84 (84.0%) and Brucella IgG, IgM test 92 (92.0%). Conclusion: Statistical analysis could not be executed due to lack of a gold standard method in the study. Yet, BCGT provided faster results than STA and BCAP methods because it does not require a 24-hourincubation. This novel test, BCGT, also showed an advantagein the diagnosis of Brucellosis because of detecting blocking antibodies. More comprehensive studies are needed to be performed to confirm the results.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the indications, results and complications of amniocentesis that we performed in our clinic. Between January 2008 and January 2009 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Selcuk University Meram Medicine Faculty, 617 amniocentesis procedure were performed for many indications in their 16-22nd weeks of gestations. The outcomes were analyzed. The mean age of mother was 32.43±6.66 (18-44) and the mean age of father was 35.79±7.42 (19-61). The mean gestational week was 17.68±2.82 and mean gravidity was 3.03±3.76 (1-12). The biggest amniocentesis indication group was high risk at prenatal screening test with 272 (44.1%) cases. Followed by the advanced maternal age with 203 (32.9%). Chromosomal abnormality was found in 30 (4.94%) cases after the result of karyotype analyses, 18 (60%) of these abnormalities were found in the group of >35 years old. In 15 patients Trisomy-21, in 3 cases Trisomy-18, in 2 cases Turner, in one case mosaicism (46XX/XY), in 4 cases translocation and in 5 cases inversion type chromosomal abnormality was detected. Of the 617 amniocenteses, 3 (0.48%) had fetal losses. The cause of abortion was early membrane rupture in two cases and cramps and vaginal bleeding in one case. Amniocentesis is the most commonly preferred and reliable invasive prenatal test for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease with minimal complications. Amniocentesis is an important prenatal diagnostic method which must be used when there is accurate indication.

VSD is the most common cardiac malformation among congenital cardiac diseases and ocur in 3-6 in 1000 live births. The pattern of this defect may vary from a minor hole in the muscular septum, with a tendency to spontaneous closure, to complicated lesions requiring heart surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively long-term follow-up results and prognosis of pediatric patients with isolated VSD. The study was conducted in Selçuk University Medicine Faculty Pediatric Cardiology Department between July 2010 and February 2013. The echocardiography results of the patients with isolated VSD have been examined retrospectively. Among the included patients, % 71.52 of cases were perimembranous (n=103), % 40.6 of cases were muscular (n=80) and % 9.72 of cases were multipl VSD (n=14). Spontaneous closure rate was % 52.4 (n=54). % 22.3 of the cases required surgical closure because of heart failure. % 43.4 of the cases that requıred surgical closure were perimembranous VSD defects. VSD is the most common malformation of congenital cardiac diseases and can lead to heart failure by left to right shunt. And also the incidence of endocarditis in these patients has increased so the follow-up of the patients is significant.

The aim of the study is determine the incidence of pathologies detected by abdominal ultrasonography in Konya. Screening has begun in 2011 after the necessary permissions from local ethical committee. Participators’ identity, age, gender, history and family history has been recorded. Abdominal ultrasonography has been performed in supine position. Hepatobiliary, genitourinary systems, spleen, midline structures and anterior abdominal wall has been evaluated. The mean age of 2010 participants was 46 (18-94). There were 1071 (53.3%) female and 939 (46.7%) male. In abdominal ultrasonography; hepatosteatosis in 371 (18.5%), liver hemangioma in 14 (0.7%), hidatic cyst of liver in 11 (0.5%), cholelithiasis in 60 (3%), splenomegaly in 13 (0.6%), simple cyst of spleen in 3 (0.1%), aortic aneurism in 4 (0.2%) participants were detected. In renal evaluation; nephrolithiasis in 34 (1.7%) and simple cyst in 145 (7.2%) participants were detected. In pelvic evaluation; prostatic hypertrophy in 4 (0.4%) males and myoma uteri in 8 (0.7%) females were detected. In Konya population most common pathologies at abdominal ultrasonography were hepatosteatosis, renal cyst, cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis.

It is well known that a close relationship between the insulin resistance due to an increased fat tissue and development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We performed to determine cut points value of waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), ankle circumference (AC) for patients with a diagnosis of diabetes. 264 patients who admitted to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Endocrinology Clinic for 6 months, were included in the study. Height, weight, WC, NC and AC measurements were noted. In addition same parameters were noted from 80 healthy volunteers. When both groups were compared in patients with diabetes, WC, NC and AC measurements were significantly higher (each p<0.001) than healty volunters. WC cut-off values were performed 87.5cm (87% sensitivity, 89.6% specifity), NC cut-off value was 33.5 cm (87% sensitivity- 85% specificity), AC cut-off value was 21.2 cm (76% sensitivity- 89% specifity), in women with ROC Curve method. The cut-off values in males; 90.5 cm (84% sensitivity, 77% specifity), 36.1 cm (77% sensitivity- 84% specifity), 22.5 cm (76% sensitivity78% specifity), respectively. WC, NC and AC can be used easily in clinical, these measurements can help to determine the risk for diabetes screening patients.

Objective of this study was to determine the incidence and treatment results of retinopathy of prematurity among premature infants followed in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Ophthalmology Clinic, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University. Premature infants followed between January 2012 and June 2014 were included in the study. Infants were grouped according to birth weight and gestational age. Retinopathy of prematurity incidence, stage and percentage of infants who were treated with Argon laser were evaluated. Also, the treatment results and complications of treatment were determined. The mean gestational age and the mean birth weight of the 304 premature infants included in our study were 31.1 ± 2.3 (24-36) weeks and 1587.58 ± 454.49 (490- 3300) gr, respectively. Retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 24.7% (75/304) of the followed infants. Retinopathy of prematurity was recognized at the zone 2 (45 infants) most frequently, while at the zone 1 (1 infant) was least frequently. Stage 1 (43 infants) disease was occurred most frequently, however stage 3 (3 infants) was observed least frequently. There was no premature infants in stage 4 and stage 5. Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed in only one premature infant. A total of 45 (%60) premature infants having retinopathy of prematurity had also plus disease. Argon laser treatment was applied to 22 (%29.3) premature infants with favorable results in all of them. As an important disease retinopathy of prematurity composes a great risk of blindness for infants with small gestational age and low birth weight. Argon laser treatment of eyes with retinopathy of prematurity seems to be an effective and safe alternative.

Gastrointestinal procedures are the most frequent ones in outpatient anesthesia applications which increase day by day. However pediatric cases are rare. Out patient anesthesia applications, especially in pediatrik patients, are more difficult and so it is important to use guidelines in this manner. In this article our anesthetic experience in a endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography applied on a pediatric patient is reported with literature review.

Moebius syndrome is a rare, non-progressive congenital syndrome presenting with complete or partial facial paralysis. It is usually associated with orofacial malformations, musculoskeletal defects, brainstem dysplasia, and other cranial nerve palsies. Mean incidence is 2-20/million, although there is considerable regional variation. The most common presentation is with bilateral lateral rectus palsies and facial diplegia. Frequently, the 5th, 10th, 11th and 12th cranial nerves are involved and may cause cough, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, and respiratory insufficiency. Complete or partial facial nerve palsy is necessary for a diagnosis of Moebius syndrome. A 4-month-old girl was brought to our clinic with complaints of inability to close her right eye completely and internal deviation in that eye, beginning from birth. She had micrognathia and an inability to completely close the right eye. Both eyes were turned inwards during primary gaze. She had limited lateral gaze, a pes equinovarus deformity in her feet, and flap ears. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was performed because of the dysmorphic features and revealed micrognathia and volume loss at the tongue. Bilateral facial nerves could not be visualised by a 3D FIESTA scan, suggesting bilateral facial nerve agenesis. This case is presented to highlight Moebius syndrome in the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with congenital facial weakness.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of contrast material-filled virtual cystoscopy in the detection of bladder tumors. Material and method: Thirty-six consecutive patients (28 male and 8 female; range age, 51-82 years; mean age ± SD, 65 ± 7 years) who had painless hematuria and suspected to have bladder neoplasm prospectively evaluated with virtual cystoscopy. After the intravenous injection of contrast medium, the contrast material-filled bladder was examined with single detector helical computed tomography (CT) scan with 2-mm slice thickness. Source CT data were transferred to a workstation for interactive navigation using surface rendering. All patients also underwent conventional cystoscopy. The results of virtual cystoscopy were compared with the findings of conventional cystoscopy. Results: Seventy-one of 78 bladder tumors detected with conventional cystoscopy in 28 patients were also shown on virtual images. Five patients had a normal appearance on both conventional cystoscopy and virtual cystoscopy. On virtual cystoscopy, seven of the 12 lesions 5 mm or smaller in diameter could be identified. We found the following statistical values for the identification of bladder lesions on virtual cystoscopy: sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 90%; positive predictive value, 87%; negative predictive value, 93%; and accuracy 93%. Conclusion: CT virtual cystoscopy is a noninvasive technique which is used successfully for detection of bladder tumors larger than 5 mm.

The presence of sperm antibodies reacting with antigens on the spermatozoa in sera and reproductive tracts can cause agglutination ör cornplement-dependent irnrnobilization of sperm ör both, resulting in a reduction of !heir fertilizing capasiiy. Antisperrn antibodies are belong to two irnrnunolojical classes: IgA and IgG antibodies. There are some data indicating that IgA is clinically more importarzt than IgG antibodies. However, IgA antibodies never occur without IgG antibodies. Therefore, testing for IgG antibodies is sufficient as a routine screening method. We examined the ELISA method for the detection of antisperm antibodies in the sera of infertile women and men.

Objective: The aim was to review the hormonal status, treatment and histopathological diagnosis of patients admitted to our endocrinology outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of adrenal incidentaloma.

Material and Methods:Between 2015-2018, 217 patients with adrenal incidentaloma who were admitted to the endocrinology outpatient clinic were included in the study. 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST), 24 hour urine free cortisol, 24-hour urine methanephrine and normetanephrine levels were evaluated in all patients.Patients who also have hypertension or hypokalemiawere screened for the plasma aldosterone/renin activity ratio. CT or MRI imaging properties of adrenal incidentalomas were screened.

Results: In the evaluation of cases; 180 (83%) of the masses were evaluated as non-functional and 37 (17%) as functional. Of the 37 patients evaluated as having functional adrenal mass; 10 (4.6%) pheochromocytoma, 5 (2.3%) Cushing's syndrome, 9 (4.1%) subclinical Cushing’s syndrome and 13 (6%) primary hyperaldesteronism were detected. In 180 patients who were evaluated as having non-functional adrenal mass; metastatic disease in 7 (3 non-small cell lung cancer, 1 breast cancer, 1 prostate carcinoma and 2 unknown primary cancer), myelolipoma in 4, ganglioneuroma in 1, hydatid cyst in 1, adrenocortical carcinoma in 2 patients were detected.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is not uncommon for adrenal incidentalomas to be functional. It may be malignant in some cases. For this reason, adrenal incidentaloma is a condition that should be examined both in terms of
functionality and malignancy potential.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive, hereditary neuromuscular disease with the cause of death usually occurring because of respiratory failure. The development of respiratory failure during wakefulness usually preceded by hypoventilation during sleep. The aim of this study were to assess the presence and severity of nocturnal desaturations and to determine the parameter of daytime lung function associated with nocturnal desaturations in patients with DMD. Material and method: The monitoring of overnight oxygen saturation is widely used for sleep apnoea-hypopnea screening. As our method we choosed aprospective comparison of wakeful respiratory function tests (spirometry, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximal mouth pressures, arterial blood gases) with outcomes of overnight oxymetry. Fourteen clinically stable patients with DMD, mean age (±SD) 13,83 ± 1,86 were studied. Results: The lowest oxygen saturation < 85% was present in 9 (64%) patients and oxygen desaturation index > 5 was found in 10 subjects (71%). Desaturation index was significantly related to maximum inspiratory pressure (r= -0,633, p<0,05), FVC (r= -0,730, p<0,01) and FEV1 (r= 0,664, p<0,05). However logistic regression analysis showed that overnight desaturations could not be reliably predicted from the daytime pulmonary function test results. Conclusion: Sleep-related desaturations are freguently present in clinically stable patients with DMD. Overnight desaturations can not be predicted from daytime respiratory function tests. Even in the absence of sleep-related symptomatology (headache, somnolence, etc.), sleep related respiratory disturbances should be suspected and searchhed in DMD patients.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus,which is classified in the family of Bunyaviridae and Nairovirus genus and grouped in arbovirus is RNA-containing helical type capsid and enveloped virus. This infection which is caused by these viruses has severe disease manifestations and a very high fatality. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CCHF in Konya and so it was planned to screen IgG-type antibody. For this purpose, 1000 healthy blood donors who referred to the Blood Center of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, were included in the study While 154 (15.4%) blood donors were living in rural areas, 846 (84.6%) of the donor were lived in the city center. Of these individuals, 947 (94.7%) were male and 53 (5.3%) were female. ELISA basedCCHF IgG commercial test kit (VectocrimeanCHF-IgG, Bectop, Russia) was used to determine the specific IgG antibody developed against CCHF. Eight of tested samples (0.8%) were positive for the presence of antibodies against CCHF and 992 (99.2%) were negative. The presence of IgG antibody prevalence of CCHF after research indicates the presence of a small number of illness in Konya. For the detection of regional prevalence of the disease similar studies will be useful in other provinces. In aspect the route of transmission of this virus infection, because of this infection is caused by tick

İn this study, the pregnant women live in Yenimahalle Training and Research Health Department (YMTRHD) region, at the 24-28 th pregnancy week were applied the Glucose Scanning Test in order to determine the abnor- mal glucose values. On June 2001 and in YMTRHD region, there has been 205 pregnant women at the midwives. 201 of them (98%) was accepted to fulfill the scanning test. The mean age of the pregnant vvomen was 26.9±5.5. İn the study we found the rate of positiveness in Glucose Scanning Test (GST) as 18.9%; and the rate of positive- ness in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test as 4.5%. İt is observed that GSTpositiveness has no relation with diabetes- existence, macrosomia story, obesity and parity (p>0.05). Consequently, Gst was determined positive in the 18.9% of the pregnant women who live in YMTRHD region. İt is observed that parity, aprevious history of overweight born baby, Body Mass lndex (BMI) and diabetes history in the family do not change the result of the test. For this rea- son, it has been determined that GST should be applied to ali the pregnant women who exceed 24th week of preg­ nancy.

Duı-ing a routine screening program for Down's syndrome. a patient was detected tü be in the high-risk group, because the human chorionic go-nadotropiıı level was high and the unconjugated est-riol level was low. An amniocentesis was perfrırmed and the karyotype was 46 XY. However, at deliver), the infant was found to be a male pse-udohermaphrodite due ta 313-01-1 dehydrogenase de-ficiency. We believe that the result of the triple analyte screening can not be related ta this enzyme deficienty.

Facial asymmetry in new-born babies is not always due to facial paralysis. Congenital facial asymmetry, might as well as be due to depressor anguli oris muscle aplasia (DAOA), so called “congenital asymmetric crying facies”. Additional congenital anomalies like skeletal, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory or central nerve system anomalies can also accompany this disorder. Here, we present a case with DAOA whose cousin had aplasia of 8 fingers in two hands, hip dislocation, partial cutaneous syndactyly in bilateral feet fingers, and ASD. DAOA is a rare congenital anomaly with unknown etiology; therefore, screening tests should be done when encountered by otolaryngologists and pediatricians.

To determine the distribution and association with demographic variables of breast complaints of women in Early Diagnosis-Scanning and Education Centers (KETEM). Electronically kept data in Konya KETEM was analyzed by omitting personal information via SPSS package software in 2011. Dependent and independent variables were demographic features and breast complaints. Descriptive statistics were used, and logistic regression analysis was performed step by step to define the correlations. Mean age of women applying to KETEM between 2007 and 2010 was 44±12 years, and 92% were of social security. Median age of first menstrual cycle was 13 years, median number of living births was 3, and median total duration of breastfeeding was 36 m. The rates of OKS use, smokers, obesity and vegetative life style were 9%, 7%, 33% and 2%, respectively. The rates of mammography and self-checked breast examination were 32% and 18%, respectively. 44% had any kind of breast complaints, and 8% had a history of experienced breast disease. While the existence of complaints was associated with age, height, number of living births, total breastfeeding duration and type of nutrition, experienced breast disease was related to height and smoking (at least, p

İn this study the seoprevalance of HBsAg, antiHBs, and antiHBc were investigated in the sera of the 214 nurses vvorking at the Selçuk University Medical Faculty Hospital. İn one sample (0.5%) isolated antiHBc seropositivity was found, liver function tests and HBV-DNA was negative for this nurse and she was put into vaccination programme, one month after the vaccination anti HBs was found positive. Two of the nurses (0.9%) were found seropositive for both HBsAg and anti HBc, liver function tests were normal so these two nurses were considered as carrier. İn 14 nurses anti HBs and anti HBc were found positive together and this condition was considered as remote hepatitis B infection. 194 Nurses who were negative for hepatitis B virüs markers were put into vaccination programme.

İn this study the seoprevalance of HBsAg, antiHBs, and antiHBc were investigated in the sera of the 214 nurses vvorking at the Selçuk University Medical Faculty Hospital. İn one sample (0.5%) isolated antiHBc seropositivity was found, liver function tests and HBV-DNA was negative for this nurse and she was put into vaccination programme, one month after the vaccination anti HBs was found positive. Two of the nurses (0.9%) were found seropositive for both HBsAg and anti HBc, liver function tests were normal so these two nurses were considered as carrier. İn 14 nurses anti HBs and anti HBc were found positive together and this condition was considered as remote hepatitis B infection. 194 Nurses who were negative for hepatitis B virüs markers were put into vaccination programme.

Identification of patients who will deliver prematurely is extremely important to decrease neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of cervical length (CL) measurement in predicting preterm birth (PTB) in asymptomatic low risk women. A total of 200 consecutive asymptomatic patients between 16-22 gestational age who had no history of PTB previously were included in this prospective study. CL was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography and the predictive value of CL for PTB was evaluated in this low risk population. The incidence of PTB was 4.5% (9/200). The mean age (±S.D.) of the preterm and term groups was 27.7±6.98 and 24.9±4.47 years, respectively (p=0.222). The CLs at 16-22 weeks were not statistically different between the term group (35.0±4.57 mm) and the preterm group (36.5±6.93 mm) (p=0.887). Cesarean delivery rate was significantly higher in preterm group (p=0.04). Ultrasonographic CL measurement alone has limited value in prediction of preterm delivery in a low risk asymptomatic population. Also there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine CL screening in this subpopulation. Further larger prospective studies are needed to identify patients that may benefit most from such screening.

Künt travmayı izleyen perikard rüptürü çok nadir olarak meydana gelmektedir. Perikard rüptürünün tarihçesi 19. yüzyıla dayanmaktadır. Stokes, 1831 yılında, su çarkının kolu tarafından yaralanan genç bir has-tada perikard yaralanmasını teşhis etmiştir (2). Morel Lavalle, 1864 yılında, düşme sonucu göğüs travmasına maruz kalan 3 hastanın birinde dinleme bulgusu olarak su çal kahin suya çarpması sonucu çıkan sese benzeyen bir ses bulmuştur. Otopside bu 3 vak'ada da perikard yırtığı görülmüştür (2). Crynes ve Hunter, 1939 yılında, «travmatik perikard rüptürü» teşhisini almış 58 vak'anın raporlar= topladılar, fakat bunla-rın hiçbirisi ölümden önce tespit edilernemişti. Perikardial yırtıklar ancak otopsi ile teşhis edilmiş ve vak'aların ölüm nedeni bu .yırtıklardan oluşan kalp herniasyonuna baglanmıştır. Bu yazarlar kendi kurumlarındaki 4107 otopside. 22 pelikard rüptürü vak'ası gördüler. Crynes ve Hunter'in gözlemlerinden bugüne kadar literatür taraması sonucunda 142 vak'a toplanmıştır (2).

Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory disease which is seen in interglutal area and frequently affects young population. Studies done in relation to the frequency of the disease are not capable of representing the whole community and they are based on military personnel or hospital data. Therefore, it was aimed to do this epidemiologic screening study in order to determine the actual frequency of the disease and its distribution according to age. After taking the permit and legal consent of ethic committee, With population weighted systematic clump sampling which will represent Konya’s provincial population, 49 locations were selected from Konya city centre, districts and villages. It was intended to have 100 person as the clump volume in each location in the screening. In the locations determined, written consents of 18 year-old and older and those accepting the screening were taken. Giving the results in general and in percentage in accordance with age distribution was planned. The ongoing screening was performed in 20 regions and 2000 people were evaluated. Age average of people involved in the screening is 45(18-94) 936 of who (46,8%) are male and 1064 of who were (53,2%) were female. Among 2000 people evaluated, total 39 (1.95%) cases were determined 22 of which were operated, 16 of which were primary cases and 1 of which was relapse pilonidal sinus. The age range in which it is most frequently seen is 4,1% and between 18-30. Pilonidal disease was determined in only two women and man/woman ratio was 19/1 in the screening. In this communitybased study, pilonidal disease prevalence was determined as 1,95%. The disease is seen most frequently in men and at 4,1% rate in 18-30 year-old population. Its general frequency in men is 3,9%.

Hearing loss is one of the most commonly seen abnormalities in people. Hearing is essential for speech and cognitive functions during the first years of life and therefore early diagnosis and amplification is important. In our study we published the hearing screening results of newborns collected from Konya Beyhekim State Hospital between January 2011 and July 2012. Newborns between the ages of 2-7 days were screened with a otoacoustic emission hearing test. Newborns who failed in the test had an ear,nose and throat reexamination and the test also redone after 14 days. Those who failed the second test were referred to a health reference center. 3167 newborns were screened between January 2011 and July 2012. 310 (9.78%) newborns failed the first test. 5 (0.15%) newborns who failed the second test were referred to a health reference center. We advocate hearing screening programs for all newborns as hearing loss is identified and treated earlier

The purpose of this study was to designate the prevalences of Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, HBV, anti-HBs, HCV, HIV among first trimester pregnant women and investigate the relationship between age groups, parity. This study included 2900, under 12 gestational weeks pregnant women, ages ranging from 16 to 45 admitted to Bayrampasa State Hospital obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department between November 2011 and February 2013. Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, HBV, hepatitis B infection, HCV, HIV was studied in suitable pregnant women and results were analyzed. Age groups, gravida, parity number were questioned. The mean age of the pregnant women participating in the study was 27.78±5.57 (16-45), mean gestation was 2.21±1.39 (1-8), mean parity was 0.78±0.89 (0-5), mean gestational age on admission was 8±3 (5-12). Toxoplasma IgG, Rubella IgG, Cytomegalovirus IgG, HBsAg, antiHBs, HCV, antiHİV seropositivity were respectively 31.2%, 95.7%, 99.2%, 2.4%, 22.1%, 0.1%, 0%; and Toxoplasma IgM, Rubella IgM, cytomegalovirus IgM seropositivity percentages, were respectively 0.9%, 0.15%, 0.7%. Toxoplasma seropositivity rate is similar to Turkey data. Rubella seronegativity was found lower then the data of Turkey and with the prepregnancy vaccination this value can be pulled the level of European countries. The high level of CMV seropositivity in our study indicates the low socioeconomic status. HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HIV levels were close to the average of Turkey. According to them, in addition to routine screening of TORCH, screening for HBsAg and anti-HBs appears appropriate, anti-HCV and anti-HIV screening is not cost effective.

This study evaluated the potential of Tc-99m sestamibi whole body scan as an alternative to whole body I-131 scan for well differentiated thyroid cancer patients prior to I-131 ablation and post ablation states. We evaluated 115 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who had total or near total thyroidectomy. All patients had undergone Tc-99m sestamibi whole body scanning high resolution neck ultrasonography prior to conventional I-131 whole body scanning, thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin values measured. Also all patients had neck and chest CT without contrast agent. The results showed that Tc-99m sestamibi whole body images are highly sensitive and specific in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients without thyroid supression (T4-off), compared to conventional I-31 whole body scans (kappa=0.68 p<0.001). Neck USG with Tc-99m sestamibi is comparable with conventional iodine based whole body studies also compared to high döşe post-ablation 6th day I-131 whole body scans. Neck USG increases sensitivity and decreases specificity of Tc-99m sestamibi scans. Clinical investigations had to be made to evaluate the efficiency of Tc-99m sestamibi in patients receiving thyroid supression.

Konya is the capital of the Anatolian Seljuk State; Seljuk is the leading city in the medical world. Just like Sivas, Kayseri and Çankırı, which have an important place in the S21çuklu medicine, Konya has brought famous personalities and made important contributions to the history of Turkish medicine. Among the institutions operating in the field of medicine in the capital city of Konya, we know especially Kemaliyye and Şadi Bey Dar'uş - Healing. It is certain that there are other large and small institutions. With the exception of Kemaliyye, who can only show his existence with his "iwan" today, all of them have disappeared. The excavation to be made after the determination of the location will provide information, documents and support suitable for restoration. Medical establishments have immunities today, even during war days. They are immune and immune from all kinds of rape and attack. But this principle has been abandoned from time to time in history. As a matter of fact, despite all humanitarian principles and agreements, in distant and recent conflicts, medical institutions, albeit from time to time, could not save themselves from various rape and assault. We are of the opinion that such attacks and rapes suffered in their past of seven hundred years had a great effect when the Seljuk medical institutions in the capital Konya were destroyed and could not survive today. Because Konya has a very important and key position in both the capital and Anatolian strategy. It is the crossroads of Anatolia's political, military and commercial roads. Throne and crown fights, religion and sect conflicts, rebellions, internal rebellions, siege and rape of Mongols and Beyliks were staged in Konya and its vicinity for this reason.

Aim: Diabetes, which has turned into a pandemic in the twenty-first century, concerns all branches of medicine. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of diabetes unawareness by checking HbA1c in patients hospitalized in clinics other than internal medicine and evaluate the factors associated with them.

Patients and Methods: The study included 630 patients hospitalized outside internal medicine services at or over the age of 18 whose anthropometric measurements could be made. The sociodemographic properties and comorbidities of the patients were recorded. Their anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c measurements were made. Those without a known diabetes diagnosis but with an HbA1c value of ≥6.5% were grouped as diabetes unaware. The differences among known diabetes, diabetes unaware and no diabetes  groups  were examined.

Results: The study was conducted between 01.03.2017 and 31.12.2017. The mean age of the patients was 58.04±18.56, while 54.6% (n=344) were male. The number of the patients with known diabetes was 190 (30.2%), 396 (62.9%) did not have diabetes, and unknown diabetes was detected in 44 (7%). Among the 234 patients with diabetes, 18.8% (n:44) had diabetes unawareness. The rate of those under the age of 45 in the diabetes unaware group (11.4%) was higher than that in the known diabetes group (3.7%) (p<0.01). Again, the rate of the male sex was also higher among the same individuals (68% vs 47.9%, p:0.15). The rate of overweight in the diabetes unaware group (56.8%) was higher than those in the known diabetes (37.9%) and no diabetes (39.1%) groups (respectively, p:0.36, p<0.01). There was no significant difference among the three groups in terms of educational levels. The rate of comorbidity presence was higher in the known diabetics (89.5%) than the diabetes unaware group (75%) (p:0.01). All patients with diabetes were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The male sex, age<45 years, being overweight and absence of a comorbidity were associated with diabetes unawareness.

Conclusion: Undiagnosed diabetes was detected in 7% of the patients. Among all diabetic patients, 18.8% had diabetes unawareness. Conducting diabetes screening with HbA1c in inpatients and paying special attention to those under 45, males, overweight patients and those without comorbidities may help detect unknown diabetes.

This study was retrospectively registered at the Protocol Registration and Results System (Clinicaltrials.gov PRS)  with the registration number NCT04694326.

Selçuk University Medical Faculty staff and people of some health eenters in Konya (Mevlana, 1 Hasanköy. Aydınlıkevler, Binkonut, Karaaslan and Apa village) were examined by palpation of thyroid gland and a specific questionnaire form. 1190 female and ınale people, who were older than 15 years and were selected by lzaphazard method, were entered the study. Thyroid hyperplasia occurance was found ta be 13.6% in Imal. 18.2% of women and 6.96% of men had thyroid hyperplasia. Although the iodine concentration of drinkingutilizing waters in Konya was 12.5 ± 6.25 mcgIL, thyroid hyperplasia is slill a health problem today. We suggest the iodine salt in prophylaxis.

Triple test of population of Konya in prenatal diagnosis İn this study, a MoM value were calculated for the triple test at 16-20 weeks of pregnancies. The aim of this investigation was to help diagnosis of Down syndrome and neural tube defect Median levels of these three analyt were calculated for 16-20 weeks of pregnancy These values were combined with age and individual risk values were determined. As a result of this investigation triple test ıs acheupreliable and ımportant tecnique for detection of NTD and Down syndrome and must be used generally.

We aimed to propose a management in a patient with thyroidectomized and high thyroglobulin (Tg) level, but negative radioiodine scan, whose lymph nodes detected with PET/CT. PET/CT was done to a patient, 31 years-old, with thyroidectomized and given radioiodine treatment, but not followed for a long time, for high Tg level and negative radioiodine scan. Metabolically active lymph nodes were detected in the cervical region. So, lymph nodes were excised with minimally invasive surgery. Radioiodine treatment was done because of papillary carcinoma metastasis. PET/CT may contribute to diagnosis in cases of high Tg levels, but negative radioiodine treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

A screening program was perforrned at five hospital in Konya in which 4173 infants (range 3-24 months of age) were eamined. The goal of this study was to detection of incidense and related factors in the etiology of CDH. 56 infants with CDH were found (The incidense was 1.3%). The condition was 3 times more cornmon in girls than in boys (40 girls and 16 boys in this group). There was any infant with CDH who was delivered by ceserian section or breech presentation. Any teratologic CDH was detected. The relation of CDH with a definite family history and the hips were bundled in etension and adduction was found statistically significant.

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Objective: Pap smear test is a commonly used and effective screening method in detection of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. There is a very limited number of studies on use of Pap smears in diagnosis of the endometrial carcinomas. We have aimed to investigate the incidence rate of atypical endometrial cells in Pap smears of the patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma and the correlation between these cells and clinicopathological parameters.

Material and methods: In this study, patients who were diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma and who had smear sampling between January 2015 and September 2017 were examined retrospectively. Histological type, nuclear grade and Pap smear results of endometrial carcinoma cases were evaluated.

Results: Pap smear sampling was concurrently performed in 59 of the 97 patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. The ages of the patients who underwent smear sampling ranged between 42 and 82 years (mean 57.43±9.08 years). The menopausal status evaluation of the women revealed that 12 (20.3%) and 47 (79.7%) patients were premenopausal and postmenopausal, respectively. Endometrioid type carcinoma was encountered in 51 (86.4%) patients as the most commonly found histological type. Serous, clear cell and mucinous carcinomas were determined in 6 (10%), 1 (1.8%) and 1 (1.8%) patients, respectively. The results of Pap smear tests were atypical in 24 (40.7%) patients whereas normal results were obtained in 35 (59.3%) patients. Nuclear grade assessment of the carcinomas showed that grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 carcinomas were discovered in 24 (40.7%), 25 (42.3%) and 10 (17%) patients, respectively. The rate of the atypical endometrial cells encountered by Pap smears has increased as grade of the tumors increased.

Conclusion: We have concluded that the detection rate of atypical cells by Pap smear in endometrial carcinomas is considerably high. The incidence of atypical cells is higher in nonendometrioid and high-grade carcinomas.

The infections caused by human immun deficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B and C virus pose a serious occupational risk for the healthcare workers especially those in emergency service, laboratory and surgery wards. Vaccination and establishment of the strict biosafety procedures are the main principles to prevent bloodborne infections in healthcare workers. Additionally, serological screening of the preoperative patients could decrease the risk for exposure. In this study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg, AntiHCV, Anti-HIV ½ in preoperative urological surgery patients. A total of 260 patients (184 (%70.8) male, 76 (% 29.2) female were included in the study. HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV ½ seropositivity of the patients admitted to Urology Clinic for elective surgical procedures between March 2008-December 2010, were evaluated retrospectively. Among all patients included in the study, a total of eight patients- six male, two female- were HBsAg positive and one male patient were positive for Anti-HCV. Anti-HIV ½ positivity was not detected. The seroprevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV were; 3.1% (n=8) and 0.4% (n=1), respectively in patient group. Although statistically significant relationship was not detected, HBsAg positivity rate was higher in male patients than female patient group. HBsAg and Anti-HCV seropositivity rates in our study group showed concordance with the low rates reported previously in our country. Besides educational programmes to healthcare workers about bloodborne diseases, vaccination against hepatitis B, implementation of strict biosafety precautions during surgery process considering any patients as potential carriers, preoperative serological screening of the patients should be useful to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding disease. ROP continues to be a leading cause of blindness of newborn in areas of the world that provide neonatal intensive care services to premature newborns. The aim of this review is to evaluate the new technical improvements and treatment modalities under current data. Increased number of Newborn Intensive Care Units leads to survive of incerased number of immature babies which in turn leads to increased number of premature infants to be screened and eyes to be treated. Although the current gold standart of screening method is examination by an experienced opthalmolog with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, a new debate arose that claims digital retinal photographs may be taken and evaluated in the remote reading centers by experienced ophthalmologists. On the other hand intravitreal injection of single dose of anti-VEGF may replace the more destructive cryotherapy and laser at the treatment aspect. Recent technical and medical improvements may induce major changes at the screening and treatment protocols of PR.

Classic kernicterus or the neurotoxicity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is known well, but the pathological jaundice may show itself vary different subtle neurological dysfunction at the some patients. 159 patients male 61.1 %, female 38.9 %, mean age, 24.6±13.11 months, peak bilirubin levels 20.07±4.85 mg/dl uho had therapied neona­ tal hyperbilirubinemia were studied. Newborns with serum total bilirubin levels of 15a-19.9 mg/dl in 97 patients (group I), 20-24.9 mg/dl in 41 patients (group II), 25-29.9 mg/dl in 15 patients (group III), and > 30 mg/dl in six patients (group IV) were accepted. V/e performed Denver Test ali patients and performed odiogram test 46 patients. We determined that subtle neurological abnormalities and high bilirubin levels correlate each other. However, we showed that group I and II had some problematic findings lesser degree than group III and IV. Management of jaundice in the Asian nevvborn is stili problematic and we need a lot of studies about toxic biliru­ bin levels.

Objective: Brain death is defined as the complete and irreversible loss of all brain functions including the brain stem. Three major findings used for the diagnosis of brain death are coma, absence of the brain stem reflexes and apnea. The diagnosis of brain death has become more important with the increasing number of patients waiting for transplantation. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of computed tomography angiography in confirming brain death.

Material & Methods: Clinical brain death was reported in total 21 patients hospitalized in critical care unit of our hospital between October 2015 and June 2018. One of these patients was excluded since he underwent magnetic resonance angiography. CTA findings of the remaining patients were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were aged between 25 and 75 years with a mean age of 45 ± 1 years. CTA evaluations were performed using a 64 detector device. 100 mL contrast agent was delivered with a double head automated pump at a rate of 3.5 – 4 cc/sec as 350-375 mg/mL. When the region of interest reached to 90-100 HU cut off value, the images were acquired at 15-20 sec intervals on the axial plan. CTA findings were interpreted using 10- point scale.

Results: Causes of death were reported as intracranial hemorrhage in eight patients, ischemic cerebrovascular events in four patients, hemorrhage after craniotomy in three patients, cardiac arrest in two patients, post-traumatic contusio cerebri in one patient, and metabolic reasons in two patients.

Contrast filling was “0” in the ACA, PCA, MCA distal, and ICA supraclinoid branches of all 20 patients. Suspected contrast filling was found in MCA proximal in eight patients and unilateral ACA proximal in two patients. Each loss of opacification in the intracranial brancges was scored as 1 point. Accordingly, all patients were scored as 10 points.

Conclusion: According to our results, CTA is an effective and sensitive method for the diagnosis of brain death which is obligated by regulations.

 

Herniation of the rectal mucosa, sometimes whole rectal wall, from anus is known as rectal pro-lapse. In this report, we presented 5 and 8 year-old brothers whose father. aunt, and grandfather had rectal prolapse during their childhood. There is no predisposing factor causing prolapse in their family investigation. There is not enough knowledge about inheritance of rectal prolapse in the literature.

Objectives:  In this study, the results of hearing screening tests were compared to explore the effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on hearing in newborns whose mothers have IDA and who do not have any known risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study. The study included 6578 healthy neonates born to mothers who were beyond their gestational week 37, and who themselves or their family did not have hearing loss or any comorbid disease other than iron deficiency anemia.  The participating neonates’ birth characteristics and the maternal demographic characteristics, auditory brainstem response (ABR) results were obtained from the hospital database.

Results: A positive result was obtained from the second level hearing test in 174 newborns. An idiopathic hearing loss was detected in 25 (0.38%) newborns during their third line of hearing assessment. While anemia was present in the mothers of 17 (0.25%) newborns, no anemia was found in the mothers of 8 (0.12%) newborns (p:0,001).

Conclusions:  Knowing the impact of iron on myelination, and therefore, on hearing function is important to prevent any academic and behavioral problems that can be faced by these newborns in their future lives.

The purpose of this review is to systematically review the intervention studies conducted and published to
prevent central catheter-related bloodstream infections. In this study, MEDLINE, CINAHL COCHRANE Library
and PUBMED databases were searched using “Preventing CLABSI infections” (Central Line-associated
Bloodstream Infection = CLABSI) as a keyword. Studies published in international journals between January
1, 2016 and November 10, 2020 were evaluated, and 99 publications were reached as a result of the search.
Seven studies were included in the scope of the review in line with the inclusion / exclusion criteria. As a
result of the investigated studies, the application of evidence-based infection control measures such as
hand hygiene, adherence to maximum barrier precautions during catheter insertion, skin antisepsis with 2%
chlorhexidine, appropriate dressing, avoiding the femoral vein and questioning the need for daily catheters
through appropriate methods It has been found to be effective in preventing associated bloodstream infections.
As a result of this systematic review, it was determined that evidence-based infection control measures
should be continued to be applied in adult intensive care units, especially in adult intensive care units, in order
to reduce the incidence of central catheter-associated bloodstr eam infections.