Makale Arama

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the perioperative and postoperative follow-up results of patients operated for a parotid mass.

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Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients who were operated between 2000 and 2011, were evaluated retrospectively.

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Results: The mean age of the patients was 48,6. On the basis of post-operative histopathologic assessement, 61 of the cases were found to be primary benign, 3 of the cases  primary malignant and 2 of the cases secondary malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common in primary benign tumors group with 29 cases, Warthin tumors were in the second place with 14 cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and expleomorphic adenoma were observed as primary malignant tumors. Both of the seconder malignant tumors were metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Sensitivity and specifity of the preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy in the benign-malignant differentiation were found as 60 % and 96 %, respectively. Superfacial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy and radical parotidectomy were used as surgical procedures. In addition to this procedure, neck dissection was performed in several cases. The most frequent complication was temporary facial nerve paresis.

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Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration biopsy is an effective diagnostic procedure for the benign-malignant differentiation of the parotid tumors. Superfacial parotidectomy is an adequate and efficient surgical procedure for the benign parotid tumors and complication risk is considerably low when applied carefully. For malignant tumors, superfacial, total or radical parotidectomy should be performed and when necessary, neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy should be added to the treatment.

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Early stage cervical cancers involve stage I and stage IIA. The treatment is radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Besides the operation can be performed by laparotomy, with the development of laparoscopic technology, the treatment has been started with laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and laparoscopic lymph node dissection. The advantages of laparoscopic approach are less analgesic requirement, minimal postoperative discomfort, shorter hospital stay and faster return to normal daily activities. In this article, a patient was presented having early stage cervical cancer at 30 years old; therefore, applied laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (type III), laparoscopic bilateral pelvic para-aortic lymph node dissection. Also, despite possibility receive radiotherapy, laparoscopic bilateral ovarian transposition was applied due to remove ovaries from radiation area. This operation can not be performed at any center, because it requires advanced experience.

To evaluate the five year survival outcomes of breast cancer patients treated at our department and to assess the prognostic factors that affect survival parameters. All patients underwent our department’s routine procedure for breast cancer. All patients received RT to the breast or chest wall using 3D conformal technique with 2 Gy fraction doses, five days a week with two opposite tangential fields. If necessary, ipsilateral supraclavicular fossa field was added to the treatment field. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was primarily used, patients with estrogen receptor- positive disease received hormonal therapy and patients with Her-2 receptor-positive disease received trastuzumab. The primary end points of this study were to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) of the patients. The secondary end points of this study were to assess the prognostic factors that affect the survival outcomes. Statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS Statistic program version 13. Between 11.02.2010 and 01.05.2016, 559 patients with breast cancer who had been irradiated postoperatively were included in this retrospective study. 2 and 5 year OS rates were 97% and 84%; 2 and 5 year DFS rates were 97% and 71%, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, ≥70 year, to have triple (-) hormonal status, to have T3-4 disease, to have N2-3 nodal stage and to have locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis were the independent prognostic factors that affect OS. Also, to have N2-3 nodal stage and to have triple (-) hormonal status were independent prognostic factors that affect DFS. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Its incidence has been increasing but mortality has been decreasing in the last 10-15 years. In the light of current treatment modalities, to know the prognostic factors that affect survival outcomes is very important for both choosing the most appropriate treatment modality and the prediciton of treatment response.

Lung cancer is the most common among cause of cancer deaths in worldwide. NSCLC represent between 80% to 85% of all the diagnosed lung cancers cases. Systemic chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC has limited impact on overall survival. Patients eligible for chemotherapy should be selected carefully. The aim of this study analyzed prognostic factors for survival in NSCLC patients. We retrospectively reviewed 741 NSCLC patients between 2000 and 2012. Ten potential prognostic variables were chosen for analysis in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with survival. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to determine prognostic factors. Among the 10 variables of univariate analysis, three variables were identified to have prognostic significance: performans status (PS), diabetes mellitus (DM) and stage. Multivariate analysis included the 3 prognostic significance factors in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model showed that PS was considered independent prognostic factors for survival, as were DM and stage. In conclusion, PS, DM and stage were identified as important prognostic factors in NSCLC patients. These findings may also facilitate pretreatment prediction of survival and can be used for selecting patients for treatment.

Today, age of childbearing women is increasing because of social and economic conditions. Although gynecological cancers are seen in old age, some of them may occur in reproductive age. With recent advances in the fields of surgery, pathology and chemotherapy, low risk patient group can be identified in gynecological cancers. Fertility sparing surgery appears as a parallel development in current cancer treatment, when considering the emotional condition, physical appearance, sexual function and fertility desire of the patient.

Objective: Purpose of this study was to use imaging methods which is cheaper and offering less radiation dousage for determination of alveol clefts. Fort his purpose, perapical and oclussal plane X-rays are used in this study, which are widely used by dentists for diagnosis of dental pathologies. Patients and methods: Elevenpatients with unilateral alveol clets was operated with seconder otogen iliac and allogenic cansellous bone grafts between 1998 and 2004. Bone defects was measured by NetCAD program with periapical and oclussal graphies pre operatively. Bone wax was used for per operative measurement and real size has been obtained. Late period control graphies was obtained with the same rontgenograms between post operative 6 months and 1 year. Lost bone volume and ossification were determined. Result: We think that periapical and oclussal graphies are easier procedures and may be used instead of CT for follow up in alveol clefts. Additional advantages are exposure to lower doses of radiation and low prices.

Among bone lesions, bone metastases are the most common lesions leading to malignant destruction. Bone metastases commonly result in severe pain that is hard to handle. Appropriate treatment of pain associated with bone metastases is critical for the improvement of the patients’ quality of life. In this article, current treatment approaches regarding bone metastasis are reviewed.

Clear cell sarcoma also known as malign melanoma, is a rare tmour originated from neural crest cells. It is closely related with tendons and aponeurosis. It is most common in females between 2 nd and 4 th decades. CCS is a high degree agresive tumour and survival rate is low. In this paper, we report a patient whom wide resection was applied for a clear cell sarcoma at his left knee and followed by oncology clinic. Postoperatively however the patient was lost 10 months following the surgery.

Aim: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with an aggressive course and short survival. Conventional chemotherapy (CT) is the mainstay of SCLC treatment. However, the majority of information on chemotherapy (CT), as well as information on demographic data of patients, is based on studies from several decades ago. In this study, we aimed to determine the current demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCLC and to determine their responses to the treatments.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study. Definitions of survival were overall survival (TOS) and survival after metastasis (MOS). TOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis to the date of death or last visit. MOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis of metastasis to the date of death or last visit.

Results: The data of 161 patients were analyzed. Response rates obtained with 1st line CT, 2nd line CT, and 3rd line CT were 72.2%, 43.3%, and 40.4%, respectively. The median TOS and median MOS were calculated as 15.7 months (0.03-106.97) and 13.79 months (0.03-79.54), respectively. Although they were metastatic, ten patients had never received first-line CT, and the median MOS was 1.88 months and 14.62 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Twenty-one (18.9%) of the 111 patients who needed second-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was 8.39 months and 18.45 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Eighteen of the 65 patients (27.7%) who required the third-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was found to be 15.36 months and 23.86 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. The presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters affecting the median TOS. And, poor performance status and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters parameters affecting the median MOS.

Conclusions: In this study, it was confirmed that early diagnosis of SCLC was associated with a survival advantage. It was shown that the patients who received and were able to tolerate the treatment had obtained a survival advantage, regardless of the disease phase.

Skeletal muscle metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event and the optimal treatment strategy is still unknown. Herein we report a case with biceps metastasis from NSCLC. A 50-year-old man with a distant biceps metastasis due to NSCLC is presented. One month after chemo-radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy the patient was readmitted with a painful mass located on the right biceps brachii muscle. A biopsy of the painful mass disclosed the muscle metastasis pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy was planned. At the end of the palliative radiotherapy his pain was disappeared. Two months later (18 months after the diagnosis) the patient died of respiratory failure. Palliative radiotherapy may be a good treatment option for patient with muscle metastasis from NSCLC.

Carious tooth is one of the most prominent health prebletn. It is one of the ten diseases ıneet in the childhood period. Preventing form the disease 'is more casier and more economic ihan treating of them. This siu.dy had been compteted on 152 prirnary school Children of eight-twelve years old, Which were socially and economically different leıel. Various paraıneiers were detected by using khikare tesis. in the school which low socio-econoınical kvel index of DMF was 0.30, index rıJ q- was 5.59 and prevalance of carious tooih was 97.6 %. In the school was high socio-econoınicai level index of DMF was 0.15, index of df was 5.0 and prevalance of carious tooth was 92.7 %.

We aimed to present a rare case with giant ovarian tumor which causes intraabdominal mass in a 14-year-old girl. On examination, there were abdominal distension and a palpable solid mass in abdomen. On abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) examination, a giant mass, which covers all intraabdominal cavity, was identified in the abdomen. Laparatomy was carried out in elective conditions after all tests had been performed. The mass originated from left ovary was excised totally via left salpingoooferectomy, following both ovaries and both tuba uterinas. The operative diagnosis of dysgerminoma was confirmed with histopathologic examination. Chemotherapy was scheduled by Hematology-Oncology Department. Dysgerminoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the girls who are admitted with the intraabdominal giant masses.

We report a 38 year-old male patient vvith non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who developed oliguric acute renal failure depending on tumor lysis syndrome, following chemotherapy. We treated, patient vvith diuretic, bicarbonate infusion, calcium gluconate, and 30% dextrose vvith insulin. We couldn’t give a response to these treatments. After chemotherapy, on 4th day we started to use hemodialysis. After hemodialysis, we supplied a recovering in this patient as clinic and laboratory.

We were reported a case of Pott's disease with bilateral pleural effusion in a 67-year- old male patient. The primary çare physician commenced anti-microbial therapy by considering the non-specific pleuritis. hovvever, four months after his first complatins, Progressive back pain and weakness of lower limbs was occured. By further examination, we diagnosed an active tuberculous spondylitis of the 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae. Operative intervention was undertaken because of neurological findings. VVe also started anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. A proper clinical and redaiological response to chemoterapy and surgery was observed at the last follow-up.

Appendiceal mucocele is the distension of the appendix lumen with mucoid material. Appendix rupture or peritoneal implantations do not occur in mucosal hyperplasia. However, if perforated, it might spread inside the abdomen and the resulting condition is called pseudomyxoma peritonei. Appendectomy was performed on an eight five year-old female patient because of appendiceal mucocele one year ago. Pseudomyxoma peritonei was determined in the followups. Laparotomy was performed on the patient. The implants in the abdomen were cleaned and omentectomy was performed. In appendiceal mucocele, the mass should be removed totally without being perforated. It might spread inside the abdomen following tumor perforation and pseudomyxoma peritonei might occur. When pseudomyxoma peritonei is found, radiotherapy should be planned following the total removal of the tumor.

The aim of this study is to present a severe Class III openbite case treated by a combined orthodontic-orthognathic approach. The patient was a 22 year old female with severe Class III, mandibular prognathia, maxillary retrognathia, the upper midline deviation, 4mm open bite and maxillary-mandibular discrepancy. Damon system, a passive self-ligating system, was applied for the orthodontic treatment. After fixed appliance treatment, bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was performed to correct maxillary-mandibular discrepancy. More aesthetic and stabile results are achieved by orthodonticsurgery combination at the treatment of a severe skeletal Class III case with openbite. Damon system offers extra advantages such as self-ligating brackets in controlling friction, increasing patient comfort, lessening the number of appointments and potentially reducing chair-time and treatment time.

The importance of the NLR and PLR are being investigated by different studies including in cardiology, oncology, general surgery. In this study, the importance of these hematological parameters were evaluated in peptic ulcer perforation. A total of 25 patients who underwent surgery due to the peptic ulcer perforation were evaluated retrospectively in Necmettin Erbakan University. Meram Faculty of Medical between 2012 and 2015. Patients having chronic inflammatory diseases, organ failure, cardiac, ischemic and hematological disease were also excluded from the study. Patients having any infection in the past three weeks were excluded First, hemograms performed in the emergency clinic were evaluated for NLR and PLR. Perforation size and operation techniques evaluated from operation notebook. Patients had omental patch and primary repair was performed for remaining twenty patients. Perforation width was smaller than 0.5 cm in patients having primary repair and, NLP values were ranged from 2.4 to 13. It was determined that Patients had omental patch made whose perforations were greater than 1 cm and NLP values were ranged from 12.2 to 42.4. PLR levels were >72 in patient having small perforation, however it was greater than 101 in large perforation patients. In patients NLR values greater than 12.2, whoseperforations are likely to have wide. Omental patch can be the first choice. If the study is repeated on large series we believe more reliable results can be taken.

\r\n Gastric cancer is among the common cancers and chemotherapy is among the treatment plan. Chemotherapy affects many systems, it is important for the individual and her environment to adapt to this process. In order to improve this adaptation, the nursing care process given to the patient with gastric cancer who was receiving the first chemotherapy treatment according to the Roy Adaptation Model was described. According to the data obtained by the permission of the patient,  impaired physical mobility, anxiety, deficient knowledge about chemotherapy treatment process, defensive coping, readiness for enhanced family coping, nursing diagnoses were made and appropriate nursing interventions were applied. The model is thought to be available to patients receiving chemotherapy treatment.

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\r\n Locally advanced rectal cancer is one of the best example that optimal outcomes are achieved with a multidisciplinary approach. The mainstay of curative treatment remains radical surgery; however, combine with radiotherapy is the optimal treatment to control local recurrence and to improve survival. To date, preoperative radiotherapy is shown to be superior than postoperatif radiotherapy. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the application methods, advantages and disadvantages of preoperative radiotherapy.

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In 0-72 months aging children with early childhood caries, general anesthesia is often preferred due to the following reasons; the non-cooperation based on age, anxiety development during the dental procedures and long treatment sessions. It is known that early childhood caries have a significant impact on the quality of life of child patients’ and their families’. In the assessment of quality of life scores, different questionnaires were developed for children and their parents. Today, Parental Perception Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale, which are composed of two parts including Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale, is used for children under 6 years old age. This study included 158 patients who received comprehensive oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia in Necmettin Erbakan University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and their parents. Demographic information and dmft values of the patients were recorded before the procedure. Parents were asked to complete the relevant questionnaire at the beginning of the procedure and at the 2nd and 4th weeks following the procedure. The data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS program. It was considered that if the effect size was greater than 0.7, a major change occurring in the data exchange. A statistically significant decrease in all values was observed after the treatments performed under the general anesthesia. The greatest reduction was found in the oral symptoms and functional status of the child. In conclusion, dental procedures performed under general anesthesia in children with early childhood caries appear to have a positive impact on the quality of life of patients and their families.

Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that is typically dysmorphic anamolies at birth. In many affected individuals, this syndrome is associated with cardiac defects and a distinctive facial appearance. We aimed to discuss a different variant of Noonan Syndrome progressing especially with gingival overgrowth and dental anomaly in our cases. A 15-year-old female patient presented to our family medicine outpatient clinic with the complaint of growth retardation. The patient was diagnosed with Noonan Syndrome with phenotypic symptoms. Noonan Syndrome is one of the syndromes without any chromosomal anomalies developing with Turner-like phenotypic features. Gingival overgrowth and dental anomaly coexistence in addition to the oral symptoms that are likely to be related to the Noonan Syndrome was present in our case.Specifically, if there are accompanying symptoms and findings in cases with gingival overgrowth and dental anomalies as seen in patients’ mouth and teeth examinations, Noonan Syndrome may be taken into consideration.

Objective: Oxidative stress is defined as the event that the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in tissue or cells exceeding the antioxidant capacity. Long duration oxydative stress predisposes to cancer development. In this study, the role of oxydative stress in colorectal cancers was searched. Material and Methods: 17 patients withcolorectal cancer operated in Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Oncology and Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital between 2000-2001 were included in the study. During the operation, 1cm3 of mucosa was harvested from the tumoral and neighbouring healthy tissue just following the extraction of specimen. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutatione peroxydase (GPX) levels were measured in these tissue samples. Results: Concentration of free oxygen radicals in tumoral and healthy normal tissues were found to be statistically non-different. Conclusion: Oxidative stress in tumoral tissue of colorectal cancers was not different from the normal tissue.

This study included 102 leukemic and lympho,rıa patients tit ho were ıreated in Internal Medicine pediatric Clinic of Selçuk University Medical Faculty and Ilematology Clinic of İbn-İ Sina Hospital of Ankara University. CMV-IgM and 1gG antibodies were investigated with the enzyrne-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA) rnethod on the blood saınples, The serologic examinations were made in Alicrobiology ELİSA taboratory of Selçuk University Medical Faculty. The finding.s- in 69 leukernic and 33 iyınphoma patients compared tere control group. CA1V-IgM seropositivity was found in 7 lebtkernic palienis (10.15%) and 1 lyınphoırıa patienı (3,03%). CMV-1gG seropositivity waz found in 35 leukeınic patients (50,72%) and 13 lymphoına patients (39,39%). CMV-IgM sero-positivily of control group was found in 1 patient (2';;> and CMV-1gC sepropositivity was found in 25 patients (50%, seropositivity wa? Pyr,nd in 2 paıienis (6.25[70) and CMV-IgG in 13 pa-tients (40.63%) 'vere not (reale(' with cyto(atic ::-1ceıno0;crapy. scropositivily was

Extensive surgical excision, free skin graft and regio•al lymphadeno-idectomy for therapeutic or prophylactic reasons were performed in fifteen malign skin melanoma cases. They were kept under postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherayp afterwards and various aspects of melanomas were examined.

Aim: Radiotherapy plays a significant role in the management of head and neck cancers. However, mucositis and xerostomia are the most common side effects in curative treatment. The aim of this prospective, randomized study is to compare the efficacy of zinc sulphate and amifostine in preventation of radiation induced salivary gland damage in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients using quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy (QSGS). Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with HNC who had received radio±chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either zinc sulfate or amifostine. All the patients were once a week during RT for oral mucositis using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring criteria, and measurement of body weight. Before and 2 months after treatment, salivary gland scintigraphy was performed. Using the time–activity curves, changes in the maximum uptake (UR) and relative saliva excretion rate (ER) between pre- and post- treatment were calculated. The measurements were statistically compared using paired Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The protective effect of zinc sulphate on the salivary glands was similar to amifostine and there were no statistically significant difference in UR, ER results at QSGS, oral mucositis or weight loss between the two groups. Conclusion: The effectiveness of both support therapy was compared and there was no significant difference in efficacy. However, because of the cost difference, the use of the zinc sulphate can be an alternative to amifostine for prevention of xerostomia, oral mucositis and other toxic effects. Further studies with more patients and follow-up are suggested in this regard.

The amount of data, increasing together with the technology, has brought the concept of “data warehouse” in every field of life. Data Mining is a set of approaches analyzing these data warehouses formed by very large data sets and allows to gather useful information. One of the fields where the amount of data is large and getting larger everyday is the health sector. Many personal and medical data belonging to thousands of patients are recorded and stored. However, small part of these data can be analyzed and the remaining part may not be helpful to obtain useful information. The data in warehouses must be analyzed to improve the methods for hospital management systems, treatment and health care systems to reduce the costs. Since analyzing large data sets using classical statistical methods is difficult, various data mining methods have been developed and these methods have become more feasible with the help of certain softwares. Association rule is an important datamining task to find hidden patterns between the variables and used recently in the field of healthcare. In this study, we have calculated the support and confidence of the associations in data set. APRIORI algorithm have been applied onto the retrospectively obtained breast cancer data belonging to Oncology Hospital of Meram Faculty of Medicine.

Aim: To assess prospectively the role of resistive indicies (RI) in determining the response to radiotherapy by transvaginal color doppler ultrasound (TVCDUS) and to correlate the results with MRI findings. Material and Method: 13 patients with advanced stage (>stage IIA) cervical cancer evaluated by MRI of the pelvis and TVUS before and 6 months after radiotherapy treatment. The mean resistive indicies before and after daiotherapy were measured from the periphery and the center of the tumor and were compared. These values were further correlated with both MR findings and RI values of the control group. Results: B mode TVUS identified the mass of all patients before therapy. RI measured 0.20-0.82 (mean=0.52) and 0.70-0.99 (mean=0.81) before and after the radiotherapy respectively in 13 patients. 11 showed full response clinically and accordingly, MR showed no residual tumor. MR examination and US showed residual tumor in two patients. The increase in RI before and after the radiotherapy was statistically significant (p=0.001) in the full response group. RI did not increase in two patients with residua. The mean RI measured from the control group was 0.65 and was significantly higher than the RI of the patients measured before therapy. Conclusion: Spectral features of TVCDUS can be a good alternative in the follow up response of cervix carcinoma to therapy, since a significant correlation between MRI findings and RI measurements are found.

Eighty year old, male patient presented to our clinic with symptoms of difficult nose breathing, epistaxis and rarely hemoptysis. No abnormalities were seen during oral, anterior nasal and ear examination of the patient. A mass in the nasopharynx was observed during the fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopic examination. The patient was diagnosed as extramedullary plasmacytoma based on the deep biopsy from nasopharynx. Plasmacytomas are tumors of plasma cells, develop outside the bone marrow as solitary masses and they may be associated with multiple myeloma. Cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in the head-neck area develops rarely. Malignant tumors of the nasopharynx are treated surgically and/or via radiotherapy. Extramedullary plasmacytomas are known to be radiosensitive, however, many authors recommend a combined therapy of surgery and radiotherapy. All the treatment options were explained to the patient, however, the patient did not accept surgery. Therefore, the patient was started on radiotherapy and no recurrences were observed during the twenty-nine-month follow-up period. More caution should be exercised for elderly patients presenting with nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and their nasopharynx as well as nasal cavity should be endoscopically assessed in detail.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and second cancer leading death among cancer deaths in women (after lung cancer). Simultaneous bilateral breast cancer is seen 1-2% and metachronous 5-8%. Bilateral breast cancer has worse prognosis than unilateral breast cancer. Locoregional recurrences after mastectomy is often occure in bone, muscle, skin or subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall, and that was seen approximately until 2 years. In skin metastases; asymmetric nodules, eritematose rash, itching, bleeding, ulceration, symptoms and signs such as necrotic exuda can be seen. Breast cancer treatment should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Radiotherapy in these patients are curative or palliative. In this case, we aimed to show the effectiveness of the electron beam in modern radiotherapy.

Aim: We aimed to search the effects of erythropoietin on anastamoses recovery in the rats to which rchemotherapy was applied and intestine anastomos was made. Material and Method: The study was carried out at Selcuk University Experimental Research Center (SUDAM). The rats were divided into 4 groups including 10 subjects. The subjects in all groups were weighed before the surgical operation and laparotomy was made with middle line cutting. Nothing but standard feeding was made to the subjects in the 1st group after making sigmoid colon anastomoses. Subcutan erythropoietin injection was administered to the 2nd group after colon anastomoses. The 3rd group was injected intraperitoneal 5- fluorouracil after colon anastomoses was made. The 4th group was made intraperitoneal 5- fluorouracil after colon anastomoses, and subcutan erythropoietin injection was administered.On the 7th day following the anastomoses, the rats were weighed and they were sacrificed. Anastomoses bursting pressure among the groups, hydroxyproline level in the samples taken from anastomoses line and collagen and rich bind tissue formation from the fibroblast histopathologically, the rise angiogenesis, intensity in inflammation and the existence of necrosis were evaluated. Results: In the rats to which erythropoietin was applied, the bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher than those of the control group statistically. During the histopathological examination, it was seen that rich bind tissue formation from angiogenesis and collagen in the erythropoietin group rose while there was a significant reduction in the formation of inflammation and necrosis. These positive effects of erythropoietin was also established in the rats to which 5- fluorouracil was applied. Conclusion: In the rats to which colo-colic anastomoses was made, it was considered that erythropoietin inflammation had positive effects on angiogenesis with its influences on proliferation and restructuring. The same positive effects were observed in the rats which used 5-fluorouracil. Thus, it can be expected that erythropoietin can reduce the risk of anastomoses escape after colo-colic anastomoses and in conditions such as chemoteraphy, which negatively affects the recovery of anastomoses.

We evaluated 391 (267 male, 124 female) tuberculosis patients received chemotherapy in the Department of Pul- monary Diseases betvveen 1992 and 1995. For this purpose, we investigated hospital and dispanseries fileş of these patients. İn 323 (80.0 %) cases, definite bacteriologic or pathologic diagnosis of tuberculosis vvere made. Asidoresistant bacilli vvere positive in 246 (81.7 %) of pulmonary tuberculosis cases who had the microbiological evaluation of sputum and 128 (42.5 %) cases had positive culture. Drug susceptibility tests vvere made in 122 cases, 82 (67.2 %) of these cases had at least resistance to on e of the drugs. Primer and seconder durg- resistance vvere 38.5 % and 28.7 %, respectively. The follow up of 92 (23.5 %) cases was not regular and their management was not continued. The registrations of 68 (17.3 %) of these cases vvere not found in the dis­ panseries. Ali these findings shovv that efforts of tuberculosis control and education are insufficient in our city.

Colorectal cancer remains a significant health problem today. In parallel to the developments in the field of surgery, improvements in adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment modalities lead to increase in both local control and overall survival times. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the current treatment options of rectal cancer with literature data. Surgery is an essential treatment option for rectal cancer. Treatment success for rectal cancer has been increasing by the help of neoadjuvant (preoperative) or adjuvant (postoperative) modalities. According to the recent studies, preoperative (chemo) radiation therapy is superior to postoperative treatment in terms of local control and sphincter preservation. However, there is not enough data regarding to the difference between the efficacy of shortterm preoperative radiotherapy and long-term chemoradiotherapy. Today, for the treatment of rectum cancer, preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy is superior to postoperative (chemo) radiotherapy in terms of overall survival and local control. However, new prospective randomized trials should be designed to compare the short term and long term preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the general characteristics, survival time and prognostic factors affecting the high grade glial tumor after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Data of 166 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Included histopathologically confirmed cases were grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma and grade 4 glioblastoma multiforme. Patients were treated with curative radiotherapy and simultaneous ± adjuvant Temozolamide. Results: 73% of the patients were male, 27% were female and the median age was 57 years. 21% were anaplastic astrocytomas, 79% were glioblastom multiforme. 40% of the patients were total, 49% of the patients were subtotally operated and 11% of the patients had only biopsy for diagnostic purposes. The median Karnofski performance score of the patients before radiotherapy was 90. 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was applied to 37% of the patients, 63% of the patients were treated with intensity-adjusted radiotherapy technique. Simultaneous Temozolamide was administered with 92% of patients’ radiotherapy. The median follow-up time was 15 months. Overall survival rates were 82 months for anaplastic astrocytoma and 15.5 months for glioblastome multiforme (p <0.001). Overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 77%, 59%, and 55% for anaplastic astrocytoma and 59%, 33%, and 4% for glioblastome multiforme, respectively. Median overall survival in patients aged <50 years was 39.3 months, while age ≥50 years was 12.4 months (p <0.001). Overall survival according to operation pattern was 33.2 months in total exposures, 13.8 months in subtotal resections, and 4.9 months in biopsies (p = 0.00). Overall survival was 8.1 months with a performance of <70, while overall survival was 22.3 22.3 months with ≥70 (p = 0.00). Overall survival was 12.9 months in patients who underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and 21.5 months in patients undergoing intensity-adjusted radiotherapy (p = 0.005). Overall survival was 7.8 months when applied to radiotherapy dose <60 Gy and 21.7 months when given 60 Gy (p = 0.00). Median survival was 18.4 months and 7.2 months, respectively, using concurrent Temozolamide (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In conclusion, the patient’s diagnosis, age, operative form, performance, radiotherapy dose, chemotherapy usage and survival were positive and our results are compatible with the literature.

Medical interventions to the patients from whom healing expectations (with the current technological and scientific data) were considered to be lost are being ethically discussed about the benefit and loss to the patient. When it is about the limited sources of the country, particularly like the intensive care units, it becomes an administrative issue. In this study we evaluated the patients in the terminal phase of their diseases with no expectancy of healing, hospitalized in the medical intensive care unit (ICU)of our university hospital. Thirteen terminal phase patients out of 73 patients hospitalized between 25 October 2010 and 30 April 2011 were evaluated retrospectively in ICU. Eleven of the patients had oncological disease (6 lung cancers and 5 other organ cancers). These patients had widespread metastases not responding to therapy. Tree of the other patients had ejection fraction lower than 15% following myocardial infarction with no chance for transplantation due to low health status, one had advanced respiratory muscle involvement due to muscular dystrophy, the another had intersitisyel lung diseases with severe respiratory failure, the other had liver cirrhosis with multiple complications. Fifteen patients died in the intensive care unit, whereas two patient was discharged with home mechanical ventilator support. Medical cost of the patients was 208.200,640/TL. They were hospitalized for 233 bed/days. The number of beds occupied by these terminal phase patients in this period were considered to be high. Foundation of palliative care units or hospice service with necessary law evaluations, is very useful and important not only for optimal use of limited financial sources but also for comfort of patient and relatives.

Aim: In this study, we discuss the efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
(AHSCT) for high-risk pediatric solid-tumor patients based on 1 2 years of experience.
Patients and Methods: The data of patients aged < 18 years with pediatric malignancies who underwent
AHSCT between January 2009 and July 2021 at the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit were evaluated
retrospectively.
Results: Fifty-one patients (24 girls and 27 boys; median age, 7.8 years; range: 0.5–18 years) were
enrolled in the study; 20, 15, 8, 4, 2, and 2 patients had diagnoses of neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma,
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and soft tissue sarcoma, respectively.
The median neutrophil and platelet engraftment times were 11 (8–45) and 16 (4–62) days, respectively,
and the median hospital stay was 38 (17–67) days. The median follow-up time was 2.83 (0.12–10.81)
years and the overall survival (OS) rate was 51.3 ± 10.3% for all patients; the median follow-up times
and survival rates for the Ewing’s sarcoma and neuroblastoma cases were 2.63 (0.12–10.55) years and
64.2 ± 14.9%, and 2.81 (0.31–7.91) years and 42.8 ± 12%, respectively. All four patients who received
the conditioning regimen of carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan (CEM) died; 6 of 16 neuroblastoma
patients who received the busulfan and melphalan (Bu/Mel) regimen as a conditioning regimen died: the
median follow-up period of the Bu/Mel neuroblastoma patients was 3.08 (0.32–7.91) years and the OS
rate was 55.1 ± 13.8%.
Conclusion: Although the number of patients in this study was limited, AHSCT resulted in better survival
for Ewing’s sarcoma and neuroblastoma cases than reported for those who did not undergo AHSCT in
our clinic.

This descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted to assess the depression and the quality of life (QoL) in cancer patient. The sample of the study consisted of 102 the patients with cancer, treated at Medical Oncology Department of, between 1-30 March 2008. WHOQOL –Brief was used to evaluate the patients’ quality of life. Depression status was evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of the interviewees, 57.8% were male (n=59), 42.2% were female (n=43), and the mean age was 49.7± 15.2. The mean value of Beck depresyon was found as 12.4±9.9 (min=0, max=48). According to the BDI, 47.1% (n=48) were normal, 21.6% (n=22) mild, 18.6% (n=19) moderate and 12.7% (n=13) were severely depressed respectively. The gender, occupation, education and marital status of the people with cancer had not effected the depression (p>0.05). When we compared the QoL scores and depression status, there was a significant difference in perception of overall health and the satisfaction from life (p=0.000), general health and quality of life (p=0.000), physical health (p=0.011), social relationships (p=0.000), psychological health (p=0.001)) and environmental (p=0.000) between the depressive people and non-depressive ones statistically. Assessing quality of life in cancer patient will provide better understanding of the disease and will improve the evaluation of the therapy response. Anxiety and depression are the major concerns in cancer patient and it is necessary to understand these problems in order to cope with them, and psychological aid is essential.

Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology exactly. Although the disease most commonly appears in the mediastinal lymph nodes, it can be occur in cervical, retroperitoneal, axillary and other regions lymph nodes. There is no gender predominance and often occurs in young adults. Two histological variants as hyaline-vascular and plasma cell type have been described. Clinically it is also divided in two types: a localized type, which is usually asymtomatic and presented as a mass or swelling. Systemic (multicentric) type is characterized nonspecific symptoms such as fever, anaemia, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly Complete surgical excision is curative for localized form. Although systemic type is usually treated with radiation therapy, corticosteroids and chemotherapy, there is no certain treatment. We herein reported a neck mass diagnosed as hyaline vascular type Castleman’s disease.

The latex allergy has been increasingly recognised in recent years in both adultsand children. After anaphylactic type reactions due to latex has been shown as case reports, latex allergy became an important problem especially in medical practice. The majör risk factors in latex allergy are intense exposure to latex allergens (surgical gloves, catheters, etc.), atopy hand eczema, female gender, history of multiple operations and dental interventions. Some occupational groups such as health-care workers and workers in latex industry are under greater risk due to their possible frequent contact with latex. An association between latex allergy and allergy to various fruits (banana, avocado, pineapple, kiwi, etc) has been reported. Latex allergy is responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms ranging from a mild dermatitis to severe anaphylaxis in both adults and children. There fore an allergologic investigation for latex allergy should be considered for those from high-risk groups. Then, it will be possible to take precautions in order to prevent life-threatining allergic reactions by exposure to latex

ABSTRACT

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and the fourth leading cancer among women. Our aim is to share the surgical treatment and results of endometrial cancer cases in our gynecological oncology clinic.

Material and Methods: In this study, the records of 164 endometrial cancer patients operated by the same surgical team between 2009-2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical, surgical and histopathological features of the patients are presented here. Four patients who had sarcoma as a result of pathology, 7 patients who underwent complementary surgery and 1 patient with a second primary tumor were not included in the study.

 

Results: The mean age of the patients included in our study was 61.3 and the mean body mass index was 25.8. According to the postoperative pathology results; mean tumor size was 3.4 cm and mean number of collected lymph nodes was 28.8. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 19 patients and all of the metastases were in pelvic lymph nodes. Endometrioid type adenocarcinoma was seen in 81% of the patients. Myometrial invasion > 50% in 81 patients (49.4%). Twenty patients (12.2%) had cervical involvement, 11 patients (6.7%) had adnexal involvement and 28 patients (17.1%) had lymphovascular area invasion. 76 patients (46.3%) were grade 1, 61 patients (37.2%) were grade 2, 19 patients (11.6%) were grade 3. When the patients were staging according to the FIGO system in 2009, 70 (42.7%) stage 1A, 58 (35.4%) stage 1B, 12 (7.3%) stage 2, 3 (1.8%) stage 3A 17 patients (10.4%) were stage 3C1 and 4 patients (2.4%) were stage 4.

Conclusion: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, and it is usually diagnosed at an early stage as a result of early signs. Tumor size, depth of myometrial invasion and histopathologic grade are used to evaluate the risk of the disease, but studies with a higher number of high stage patients will be more useful in determining the risk.

We studied P glycoprotein (Pgp) expression by testing fine needle aspiration specimens from lymp nodes with C- 494 antibody using an immunocytochemical assay in 30 cases of hlstologically proven non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) at diagnosis and after three courses of chemotherapy. Pgp expression was detected İn two of eight patients with stage l-ll, 10 of 22 patients with stage lll-IV at diagnosis and in one of two patients with stage l-ll, three of eight patients with stage lll-IV after chemotherpy. The stage of disease, the presence of B symptoms, the rate of response to treatment and duration of overall survival showed no significant difference between the group of Pgp negative patients ad the group of Pgp positive patients. İn conclucion we suggest that Pgp expression alone can not explain the treatment of chemotherapy resistance in NHL probably due to multifuctorial mechanisms of drug resistance.

Actinomyces is a chronic suppurative infection caused by Gram positive anaerobic bacteria which grows hardly in bacterial culture. It is commonly isolated from cervicofacial, respiratory, and gastrointestinal system. Its exact pathogenesis is still unknown. Actinomyces located in the cervicofacial region is frequently accompanied by maxillofacial trauma and dental procedures. Herein, we report a 45-year-old female case of actinomyces in tongue which was treated with antibiotherapy and good oral hygiene.

The phenomenon of bilateral involvement of the testicles was observed nine times in a series of 789 patients with testicular germ cell tumors which were treated in Ankara Oncology Hospital from 1984 to 1994, Four patients evidenced a synchronous bi-lateral tumor (two seminomas, two non-seminomas) and in five others (4 bilateral seminomas, 1 se-minoma and nonseminoma), a second tumor oc-cured after an interval ranging between eight months and eight years eleven months. Three of nine patients had a history of undescended testes. The incidence, histologic findings, therapy and prognosis of bilateral testis tumors are discussed on the basis of a review of the literature. This study emphasizes the small but definite risk for a development of the second testicular tumor and suggests not only the significance of long-term fol-low-up period but also the importance of ult-rasorzography in the early diagnosis of a cont-rlateral tumor.

Organ tuberculosis is an important problem for the public health in devoloping countries. Tuberculosis can be seen on any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. Esophageal tuberculosis is very rarely seen with 0.14% prevalance. It usually originates from mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy. We report a 55-year-old woman who admitted to our hospital with complaints of dysphagia, weight loss, audinophagia and epigastric pain. The chest radiography revealed a linear opacity compatible with fibrotic tape was seen on chest x-ray. Thorax CT examination revealed milimetric calcified lymph nodes at subcarinal and the right hilar region, thickening of proximal part of esophageal wall through carinal leveland subsegmenter collapse on left lower lobe. Ulcerative lesion with dimension of 1×1 cm localized in the 19th cm of the esophagus was seen on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, suggesting esophageal carcinoma. Biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomatous ulceration which resembled tuberculosis. After antituberculous chemotherapy, the endoscopy repeated in end of the 2nd month of antituberculous therapy and the recovery of ulcer lesion was seen and the biopsy showed no signs of tuberculosis. Conclusion; esophageal tuberculosis should be kept in mind at differential diagnosis in patients who have complaints of dysphagia and loss weight and radiological signs.

Radiotherapy or radiochemotherpy as applied to 152 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer following transurethral tumor resection. Complete response rate was 71%, the 5- year survival 65%. The success of the initial transurethral resection was found to be the most important factor the 5-year sur-vival. Organ sparing radiotherapy/ radiochemotherapy is in the treatment of bladder cancer at least an equ-ally efficient method like radical cystectomy and should be the method of choice.

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration is a common and lifethreatening problem in childhood and adulthood and an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Recurrent respiratory tract infections may be due to foreign body aspiration. Aspirates includes frequently; toys, coins, beans, nuts, peanut, kernel, dried legumes, and sugars in children and; food, awn, turban pins, metallic objects and dental prosthesis in the adults, respectively. If foreign body aspiration may caused to complete or nearly total occlusion, in this time the object have to be removed urgently. Although flexible bronchoscopy can be used to remove of foreign bodies in children and adults, rigid bronchoscopy remains the gold standard all the time.

Primary angiosarcoma of breast is a rarely seen tumor type. İt considered that tumor is developing from the pe- rilobular capillary netvvork. İt metastased with hemotagen pathvvay in early State ıt shows a poor prognosis. Fourty years old woman. Left breast mass and axillary lymphadenopathy presenced in physical examination. Biopsy was reported primer angiosarcoma of the breast. After the modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant chemotheraphy and radiotheraphy was performed. Patient was tost inpostoperative 12th month with lung and bone metastasis.

Although the dental urch is generally symmetric, some cases of both mathematically and morp-hologieally deviated Pons have been reported. Irı our study,we aimed ta investigate the morphological pattern of dental ardı in adult maks and females. Using plaster casts, we peıformed our examination on 50 peoplc (25 males and 25 females, ranging from 17 to 35 years of ages), who had no anomalies or disorders of maxilla and mandible, and had no previous or CUITC111 dental treatmems. The results revealed that the width of the first intermolars in mandibles was significantly different between sexes (the value of the first intetınolar width in mandibles was largeı in males, p(0.05). There vere no sig-nificant differences in the other nıorphological .fe-atures examined.We. therefore believe that both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the size and shape of the dental arch is especially important j'or the diagnosis, treatment and determination of the developnıental differences in dentistry.

Although the dental urch is generally symmetric, some cases of both mathematically and morp-hologieally deviated Pons have been reported. Irı our study,we aimed ta investigate the morphological pattern of dental ardı in adult maks and females. Using plaster casts, we peıformed our examination on 50 peoplc (25 males and 25 females, ranging from 17 to 35 years of ages), who had no anomalies or disorders of maxilla and mandible, and had no previous or CUITC111 dental treatmems. The results revealed that the width of the first intermolars in mandibles was significantly different between sexes (the value of the first intetınolar width in mandibles was largeı- in males, p<0..05). There vere no sig-nificant differences in the other nıorphological .fe-atures examined.We. therefore believe that both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the size and shape of the dental arch is especially important j'or the diagnosis, treatment and determination of the developnıental differences in dentistry.

We aimed to present a case with breast cancer which has cervical lymph nodes with increased FDG uptake in 18F-FDG PET/ CT and has biopsy result of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Sixty-three year-old female patient with breast cancer complaining cervical and thoracal pain was imaged with PET/CT. PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake in bilaterally cervical, left submandibular and left prevertebral lymph nodes. The clinician considered that this image was related to an infectious process and continued to chemotherapy. A solid lesion was determined in follow-up ultrasonography. A PET/CT imaging was done to confirm this lesion. Increasing in quantity and SUVmax values of cervical, submandibular and prevertebral lymph nodes was determined. There was also a right axillary lymph node and a hypodense lesion with increased FDG uptake in liver. Biopsy was recommended because of increasing quantity and FDG uptake of lymph nodes and a new lesion in liver after chemotherapy. Biopsy result was tuberculosis lympadenitis in lymph nodes and metastasis in liver. False positive results in FDG-PET studies should be kept in mind because tuberculosis is a common disease in Turkey. Biopsy should be done in atypical cases.

During 1996 and 1999, we applied MVAC in 27 patients whose final stage bladder tumor depends on pathological and radiological bases at urological department. 15.4 % had complete response, 34.6 % had partial clinical response, 34.8 % hadn’t any clinical response and 19.7% had progression. One of the patient died due to a wide spreed tumor metastasis and neutropenic sepsis during the treatment. The most common side-effects were nausea- vomiting, transient renal failure, leucopenia, and trombocytopenia. M-VAC therapy showed it’s beneficial effect by decreasing the stage so providing TUR possibility and other alternative surgical procedurs.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes due to COVID-19
vaccines and the factors affecting hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes in F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in on cology patients.
Patients and Methods: Among the patients who underwent FDG PET/CT in our institution between
January 15, 2021, and June 15, 2021, those who received one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccine
(CoronaVac or Biontech) were included in the study. Presence and number of ipsilateral hypermetabolic
axillary lymph nodes, FDG uptake, and whether there was a difference between these data after the 1st
and 2nd vaccination were investigated.
Results: Unilateral hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes was observed in 9.9% (18/182) of the patients
[9.6% (9/94) after 1st dose, 10.2% (9/88) after 2nd dose] vaccinated with CoronaVac; It was detected in
37.5% (9/24) of the patients [35% (7/20) after 1st dose, 50% (2/4) after 2nd dose] who vaccinated with
Biontech. A negative correlation was found between the presence of hypermetabolic axillary lymph nodes
and age in patients who vaccinated with CoronaV ac.
Conclusion: The frequency of hipermetabolik aksiller lenf nodu after CoronaVac was lower than that
observed after mRNA vaccines, a small group of patients in our study, and lower than reported in the
literature. However, the statistical difference could not be evaluated due to the insufficient number of
patients in the Biontech group. A brief history of vaccination is recommended before FDG PET/CT to
reduce false positives. The potential role of FDG PET/CT in comparing the efficacy of vaccines produced
with dif ferent biotechnologies should be searched in studies with large r patient populations.

Purpose:

Primary and metastatic digestive system malignant melanomas are extremely rare. In our study, we aimed to compare lymph node metastasis with clinical and pathological parameters in gallbladder, stomach, small intestine and anorectal region malignant melanomas.

Materials and methods:

This retrospective study included 20 cases diagnosed with malignant melanoma in the gastrointestinal tract organs between January 2010 and January 2020 at XXXXXXXXXXXX. In our study, we wanted to evaluate the relationship between regional lymph node metastasis and age, gender, tumor localization, tumor size, extraintestinal melanoma history, melanin pigment, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and post-diagnosis life span in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma cases. We also reviewed the origin and literature of the cells from which melanoma originates in the digestive system.

Results:

There was a statistical relationship between tumor diameter and regional lymph node metastasis (p =0.000). As the tumor diameter increased, the lymph node metastasis rate increased. There was a relationship between survival and gender, tumor localization, distant metastasis, primary and metastatic digestive system melanoma (all p <0.05). Most of the men and those who did not metastasize away from the digestive system were alive. All patients with melanoma metastases to the digestive system and all patients with gallbladder and small intestine localization were alive. Our 70 year old patient with gallbladder primary malignant melanoma was the oldest patient we could identify in the literature.

Conclusions:

Regardless of cutaneous or origin, all melanomas originate from melanocytes, cells derived from embryological nerve crest. Malignant melanoma can be primary in every region, more frequently in the anorectal region in the gastrointestinal tract. The most common metastasis is to the small intestine. Accurate diagnosis is vital in places where it is rarely seen, such as the digestive system. Recently, in metastatic melanoma, immuno-oncological agents are used in adjuvant therapy to help prevent metastatic spread of the disease. Thanks to these treatments, it is reported that more than half of patients with melanoma who have the risk of metastasis after surgical resection provide recurrence-free survival. Although it is very rare, it should be kept in mind that there may be primary or metastatic malignant melanoma in the evaluation of digestive system biopsies.

Granulocytic sarcoma is extramedullary infiltration of leukemic cells and the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. These cases may present with abdominal pain, ileus, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation. We present an acute myeloid leukemia patient that admitted with abdominal pain whose bone marrow is in remission after chemotherapy in whom the reason of abdominal pain was granulocytic sarcoma that occurred in the colon.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a clinical variant of histiocytosis - X. There are solitary or multiple le-sions on the bones due to histiocytic proliferation. The lesions are rarely located in the temporal re-gion. The tumor is asymptomatic at the onset. We present a case whose lesion is located on the temporoparietal area. The case is followed after the operation without chernotherapy and radiotherapy.