Makale Arama

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the perioperative and postoperative follow-up results of patients operated for a parotid mass.

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Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients who were operated between 2000 and 2011, were evaluated retrospectively.

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Results: The mean age of the patients was 48,6. On the basis of post-operative histopathologic assessement, 61 of the cases were found to be primary benign, 3 of the cases  primary malignant and 2 of the cases secondary malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common in primary benign tumors group with 29 cases, Warthin tumors were in the second place with 14 cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and expleomorphic adenoma were observed as primary malignant tumors. Both of the seconder malignant tumors were metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Sensitivity and specifity of the preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy in the benign-malignant differentiation were found as 60 % and 96 %, respectively. Superfacial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy and radical parotidectomy were used as surgical procedures. In addition to this procedure, neck dissection was performed in several cases. The most frequent complication was temporary facial nerve paresis.

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Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration biopsy is an effective diagnostic procedure for the benign-malignant differentiation of the parotid tumors. Superfacial parotidectomy is an adequate and efficient surgical procedure for the benign parotid tumors and complication risk is considerably low when applied carefully. For malignant tumors, superfacial, total or radical parotidectomy should be performed and when necessary, neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy should be added to the treatment.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 100 and 150 mg/day acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) treatment on blood lipids. The study group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers. Of the volunteers, 17 (7F, 10M) received ASA as 100 mg (Group I) and 13 (5F, 8M) received ASA as 150 mg (Group II) daily for a period of two months. Fasting blood samples of the subjects were drawn before and 1 and 2 months after ASA treatment. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the subjects were measured by routine methods. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated by Friedwald formula. Althought total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were slightly decreased and HDL cholesterol levels were slightly increased 2 months after ASA treatment in both groups, the differences between lipid levels were not statistically significant. In conclusion, ASA treatment at 100 and 150 mg daily for a period of 2 months has no significant effect on blood lipid levels and further investigations about ASA treatment for longer time and at higher doses might be useful.

Aim: Gallbladder cancer is an uncommon, but aggressive tumor. Its prognosis is poor and the most cases are incidentally detected in histopathological examinations of cholecystectomies due to benign diseases. With the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the number of cases detected in early stage is increasing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the rate of cancer encountered and the distribution of non-cancer diagnoses in cholecystectomy materials sent to our department, together with the literature findings.

Materials and Methods: The results of the cholecystectomy materials sent to the pathology laboratory and examined routinely in 2016-2017 were retrospectively evaluated by forming diagnostic groups. Clinical preliminary diagnoses, demographic informations (age, sex), and pathology reports of the patients were reviewed.

Results: We included a total of 1000 cholecystectomy materials into the study. Two of the 7 patients who presented with malignancy were incidentally diagnosed and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the preliminary diagnosis of cholelithiasis, with the primary focus was gallbladder in one patient, and the other was compatible with colonic adenocarcinoma infiltration. Preoperative and / or perioperative malignancy was detected in the remaining 5 patients. A large proportion (> 90%) of the other cases had chronic or chronic active cholecystitis and low rate of acute cholecystitis included gastric heterotopia found in 2 (0.2%), tubular adenoma in 1 (0.1%), tubulovillous adenoma in 1 (0.1%), adenomyoma / adenomyomatosis in 4 (0.4%), polyp in 6 (0,6%) and dysplasia (Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, BilIN) in 5 (0.5%) patients.

Schizencephaly is a slit covered with gray matter, that lies from the ependimal surface to the piadressing a long the hemisphere. If the walls of the slitscovered with gray matter of are close to each other it is named as Type 1 (closedlip), if they are further from each other, it is called astype 2 (openlip). Clinics in children has a large range of spectrum from mental motor retardation, seizure to focal neurological disorders. Most of the patients have epilepsy which are usually characterized by focalseizures. There are only a few cases where schizencephaly causes status epilepticus. Here in, we report a schizencephaly case of a 7 year old boy who was accepted with a status epilepticus clinics that started locally and progressed generally. We emphasize the important role of schizencephaly in epilepsy and status epilepticus.

The aim of this study is to analyse the results of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal foreign bodies which may cause mortality and morbidity. 27 patients who had rigid esophagoscopy with the diagnosis of esophageal foreign bodies in our clinic between May 2011 and September 2012 were evaluated according to age, gender, the complaint at the arrival, the type and the localization of the foreign bodies, additional treatments and time of hospital stay retrospectively. Of 27 patients included in this study; 12 (44,4%) were male and 15 (55,6%) were female. Mean age was 16,1. The complaints at arrival were sore throat in 10 (37,1%), dysphagia in 9 (33,3%), hypersalivation in 5 (18,5%) and dyspnea in 1 (7,4%) whereas 2 (7,4%) patients had no complaints. Esophagoscopy didn’t show any foreign bodies in 4 (14,8) cases and most of the foreign bodies detected in esophagus were bones (n=11) and metal coins (n=7). Mean time of hospital stay was calculated as 1,55 days and there was no mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal foreign bodies is essential to avoid from serious and fatal complications which may ocur. An early performed esophagoscopy is the reliable and effective treatment method for this purpose.

68-year –old male patient was being accepted from a special clinic to us with a presumed diagnosis of right upper lobe tumor .The patient has a respiratory distress,weight loss,palpitations. Mediastinal enlargement was seen in the upper right chest film. Thoracic computed tomography was noticed a mass nearly 5x7x3 size which connection with cervical area and deviated from outside the trachea,compressing right lobe anterobasal segment . Thyroid hormone tests were performed and showed hyperthyroidism .The patient took anthyroid agent only 1 month and then taken operation elective conditions .We performed operation with a general surgery cervical insision after parsial median sternotomy. Total troidectomy was performed, after the realised cervical troid upper side of neck and then tracheal , borned from intrathoracic component preserved vascular and paratroid structure.The specimen nearly 5x7x3 cm which called noduler collaidal guatr from the pathology .The patient was discharged without any problem by giving thyroid hormone.

It is well known that a close relationship between the insulin resistance due to an increased fat tissue and development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We performed to determine cut points value of waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), ankle circumference (AC) for patients with a diagnosis of diabetes. 264 patients who admitted to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Endocrinology Clinic for 6 months, were included in the study. Height, weight, WC, NC and AC measurements were noted. In addition same parameters were noted from 80 healthy volunteers. When both groups were compared in patients with diabetes, WC, NC and AC measurements were significantly higher (each p<0.001) than healty volunters. WC cut-off values were performed 87.5cm (87% sensitivity, 89.6% specifity), NC cut-off value was 33.5 cm (87% sensitivity- 85% specificity), AC cut-off value was 21.2 cm (76% sensitivity- 89% specifity), in women with ROC Curve method. The cut-off values in males; 90.5 cm (84% sensitivity, 77% specifity), 36.1 cm (77% sensitivity- 84% specifity), 22.5 cm (76% sensitivity78% specifity), respectively. WC, NC and AC can be used easily in clinical, these measurements can help to determine the risk for diabetes screening patients.

In ENT department 50 patient with head and neck swelling esere hospitalized and investigated with ultrasonography. The results cornpared with surgical findings. In this study we found the value of ultrasonograhy in the head and neck swelling was %94.

From June 1983 to September 1989, 51 patients with displaced fractures of the femoral neck were treated by Thornpson arihroplasty. The avarege age at operation was 64.8 years. There were 18 men (40 per sent) and 33 women (60 per cent) The postero-lateral approach to the hip was used at al! operations. There was one dead, one dislocation and one fibular nerve injury as early complication. The resulis after 34 hips studied at follow-up. Among 34 patients, 24 of !hem were controlled radiologically. One asetabular erosion, one asetabular protrusion and one loosening of prothesis were found as a lale complication.

Objective: İn developed populations the increasing trend of electromagnetic pollution survives in an insidious and dangerous dimension. Although estimating the negative effects of electromagnetic field on human organism is very difficult, assessment of their effect on arteries was aimed in this experimental study. Material and Methods: An electrical shaver was choosen as a source of electromagnetic field which was estimated as having a 5-10 gauss electromagnetic field. The shaver was directly performcd on skins of left common carotid and bilateral femoral arteries of 7 Street dogs, weighing meanly 20-25 kg, vvithin a mean period of5months. This was performed on one time in every week with a period of 7 minutes. Totally, 18 periods were performed. At the end of the study carotid and femoral arteries were excised for histopathological examination. Results: Tissue examples of 21 study and 14 control specimens were examined under light microscope. İn study group 8 examples had moderate and 7 examples had severe intimal changes, while in control group 3 examples had mild intimal changes. A chi square test between these groups were considered significant (p<0,05). Conclusion: Endothelial injury and subendothe- lial seperations were significantly found in a very short period. These changes may cause stroke due to athero­ genesis on carotid arteries in a longer period.

Acrylamide (ACR) is an organic chemical which occurs in foods extensively consumed in diets worldwide. ACR promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate liver, brain and kidney of tissue total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and liver and brain of tissue oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels in long term ACR + standard diet and ACR + high-fat diet given rats, compared to control rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (5-6 weeks of aged) were segregated into two diet groups and fed with a high-fat diet (crude fat 20%) or standard diet (crude fat 2.7%) respectively; and animals in each diet groups were exposed to acrylamide at the dose of 0, 2, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw/day via drinking water for 28 days. At the end of the experiment tissue samples were analyzed for TAS, TOS and ox-LDL. ox-LDL and TOS levels were increased as doses of acrylamide were elevated in liver and brain tissue, no significant difference was present at levels of ox-LDL/protein (p=0.087) and TOS/protein (p=0.751) in liver tissue among eight groups. While no significant difference was observed at levels of ox-LDL/protein in brain tissue (p=0.808) among eight groups, TOS/protein levels in brain tissue (p<0.001) became significantly increased. No significant difference was present at levels of TOS/protein (p=0.052) in renal tissue among eight groups. As doses of acrylamide were increased, TAS/protein levels in brain, liver and renal tissue became decreased, and a significant difference was present at TAS/protein levels among the groups (p<0.001). Our findings showed that long term treatment with 2, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of ACR + standard diet and ACR + high-fat diet treatment led to a significant depletion of tissue TAS levels and over production of tissue TOS and ox-LDL levels, consequently, to an increase in oxidative stress.

Background: Electromagnetlc fields (EME) are the most important environment problems that effect the public health in our century. Increasing incidence of coronary heart disease, leukemia, lymphoma, and Alzheimer in the patients who are effected from magnetic fields, are revealing that these sources can not be used unlimitedly. İn this study, we would like to investigate the effect of hairdryer on the rats. Materials and methods: İn this study, 200-250 gr weighted 29 male rats vvere used. 15 of them were control group, and 14 vvere faced with EMF. A BKK 1161 SK hairdryer was used as the magnetic field source. This machine had 600 VVatt (W) power, 220 V - 50 Hz resistance, and a mean magnetic field counted 100-150 mG. The distance betvveen the subjects and the machine was 20-25 cm. EMF was performed on them for 3 days of each week, and 5 minutes of each day, and it was lasted after 3 months with a total period of 205 minutes. At the end the malondialdehid (MDA) levels in the subjects sera vvere calculated, and they vvere sacrificed and their cerebrum, thymus, lungs, heart and great vessels, liver, kidneys, and spleen vvere taken to histopathologic examination under light microscope. Results: İt was obviously observed that the EMF in 50 Hz freguency increases the mononuclear celi infiltration in the viscera; especially, it was estimated that EMF causes alveolar destruction in the lungs, tubuler degeneration in the kidneys, glial proliferation in the cerebrum, fibrosis in the liver, and adventitial mononuclear celi infiltration in the great vessels in 3 months, vvhich is thought to be a very short period. Statistically, the subendothelial dissection in the great vessels was not found significant, hovvever, this was thought to be an important finding. The serum MDA levels of EMF group vvas increased, but statistically, this was not significant. Conclusion: We concluded that EMF causes an increase in the production of free oxygene radicals, and in the late-term this results with various diseases including cancers and atherosclerotic dişe ases.

Growth and development of a organism vere re-gulated by growth hormones and growth factors along the axis of hypothalarnus-pituitaıy. It was exp-ressed by lots of researchers that arnang these fac-tors, insulin like growth factors take role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. fn this review, know-ledges abouf chemical structures and functions of re-ceptors and binding proteins of these factors have been reviewed.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous glucose administration in the lateral hypothalamic
area (LHA) on the levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG)-
dihydroxyphenylaceticacid (DOPAC) by brain microdialysis method.
Patients and Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats in 2 normally fed groups and 2 groups of restricted
food intake for 24 hours (saline and glucose administered) were used. Microdialysis procedures were
performed on the rats in LHA under anesthesia and samples were collected in 20 minutes. After the first
samples were recorded as control, 0.9% saline was administered to the control groups and 50% glucose
solution was administered intravenously to the glucose groups at a dose of 1.4 ml/kg. During the next 40
minutes, samples were collected and analyzed on the HPLC-ECD system. One-way ANOVA was used for
statistical evaluation.
Results: Noradrenaline concentration was higher in fasted rats than in satiated animals at baseline.
Noradrenaline levels at the 20th minute were significantly decreased in both fasted-satiated groups
compared to control group (p=0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the 40th minute
noradrenaline values and dopamine-DHPG-DOP AC levels compared to control.
Conclusion: Systemic glucose administration decreased LHA noradrenaline concentration in fasted and
satiated rats. It can be mentioned that noradrenergic neurotransmission in LHA can be modulated by
plasma glucose.

This study was designed to determine the effects of interferon alpha - 2b and octreotid treatments on some hormonal parameters in rats. Total 36 Wistar - Albino male rates were used as control (n = 12), interferon alpha -2b (n = 12) and octreotide (n = 12) groups. 250.0001U of interferon alpha - 2b was introduced to interferon group rats at intervals of 48 hrs. To the octreotide group rats, 3 times in a day (8 hrs intervals) for 7 days, 10 mg oct-reotide was injected subcutaneously with a insulin ınjector. The levels of TSH, total T4, total T3, testosteron and growth hormone were determined in blood samples of the rats by RIA. Plasma TSH levels of interferon alpha-2b group was found lower than that of control group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in T3 and T4 levels were determined among control, ocreotid and interferon treated groups. (P<0.05). It was established that in-terferon alpha - 2b and octreotide treated groups have lower testosteron levels than that of control group (P<0.05). Inteıferon alpha 2b group had lower testosteron levels comparing to octreotide treated group (P<0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the growth hormone levels of the groups_ The results of the study showed that the treatments of interferon alpha 2b and octreotide can be affect some hormonal parameters in the rats.

Positive end expirium pressure(PEEPi) develops due to dynamic hyperinflation caused by increased airway resistance during the COPD exacerbations. This PEEPi causes muscle weakness and ventilation deficiency. It is thought that noninvasive mechanical ventilation(NIMV) helps the muscle to relax and provide a better feeling in severe COPD patients. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether NIMV has additional benefit to medical therapy in patients with nonasidotic COPD exacerbations. Forty five patients presented with COPD exacerbation were divided into three groups randomly. First group received medical therapy, second group received 2 hours of BiPAP in addition to medical therapy in the first day and third group received BiPAP for two hours in addition to medical therapy every day. The dyspnea scores and StGoerge respiratory questionnaire was applied. All patients underwent MIP, MEP measurement and 6 minutes walking test before discharge. While there was significant decrease in dyspnea scores obtained during discharge compared to admission scores in all three groups, no significant difference was found between discharge and 1st month control scores. Also, while significant improvement was present in StGoerge Questionnaire of first and second groups during hospitalization, no difference was present in the third group. The treatment options caused no significant improvement in the arterial blood gas(ABG) parameters in all three groups. We found that NIMV had no additional effect on hospitalization period, ABG and functional status of the cases admitted with COPD exacerbation, so NIMV had no place in exacerbation treatment of these patients.

Distruction of urethral anatomic continuation resulted from some complication like infections , rupture and fistula which arise from foreign body insertion . These foreign bodies are inserted for desire, erotic stimulation and infravesical obstruction. A 60 years old male patient presented with uretheral foreign body (90 cm electric cable) which thought to be inserted for overcoming the infravesical obstruction which resulted from BPH.

Cryptosporidium spp. has still an important place among parasites which are the main reason of diarrhea both developing and developed countries. It is an obligate intracellular protozoan that may lead fatal diarrhea in immune-suppressed persons. In this study, our aim was to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts as an agent in pre-diagnosed patients with chronic and acute diarrhea by using both Modified Acid Fast Staining and ELISA methods. For our study, 86 diarrheal stool samples were collected which were sent from Ataturk University Medical Faculty Research and Application Hospital Clinics to Microbiology Laboratory between December 2013 and May 2014. At the same day, Modified Acid Fast Staining method was performed to stool samples and examined under the microscope (with 100X magnification). A small pieces of feces were placed in eppendorf tubes without adding any preservatives and stored at -200 C. After a while, ELISA method was performed to these stored samples for detecting Cryptosporidium antigens. Kit was performed as recommended by the manufacturer and the results was evaluated with ELISA reader at 450 nm. A total 6 of samples by Modified Acid Fast Staining and 8 samples by ELISA were detected as positive in stool samples of 86 patient (43 female and 43 male) having age range of 0-83 years. Four (50%) positive samples, which were detected by ELISA, were belong to either female or male patients. For Modified Acid Fast Staining, 2 (33.3%) of positive samples were belong to male patients, 4 (66.7%) of positive samples were belong to female patients. As a consequent; although ELISA method is costly than staining method, we suggest that ELISA method should be preferred for Cryptosporidium diagnosis because of the advantages including quick results and ease of application.

We present a case of Jessner's lymphocytic in-filtrate of the skin in a 40-year-old man. The patient had non healing ch•onic inflarnmatory erit-hemapustulous lesions on the face and uppeı- pan of the auı•icles. bilaterally. First histopathologic di-agnosis of the patient was "Discoid lupus ery-thematosus". The lesions appeared on the ,face and made a deformity on the nose. In o•der to achieve exact diagnosis and treatment, all the lesions on the face excised and reconstructed hy a split skin grafit. Auricular lesions that were not treated such a this way, heakd spontaneously. Histopathologic exa-mination of the specimen that was excised from the lesion and healthv skin. revealed that the diagnosis is Jessner's lymphocvti• infiltrate. The reason of spontaneous healing of the auricular lesions exp-lained with no exposure of the auricles to sunshine.

Patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction have symptoms such as pain in the jaw and surrounding tissues, limitation in jaw movements and/or clicks, crepitation, head, neck, ear, toothache. Although there are publications on PRP injections in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, there is no study on the effect of the use of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the literature. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in patients with TMJ disc displacement, disc dislocation with/without reduction and joint degeneration. Patients who did not respond to conservative treatment during the period of 2015-2016 and were complaining of TMJ pain, knocking in the joints, decreased mouth opening were included to the study. Magnetic resonance imaging results of before and after injections, age, gender, previous therapies, pain, click on the joint, mouth openness were recorded. The pain felt in the jaw joint in patients was scored according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) numbered 0-10. Mouth openness was measured. Before and the six months after CGF injections, TME magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all patients. All measurements were repeated at 6 months and 1 year after CGF injection. The mean age of the 10 patients (3 males, 7 females) was 30 and the mouth openness was 2.1 cm before injection. In the first year after injection, mouth openness was measured as 3 cm on average. Before injections, there was a clicking sound in all patients. However, at the end of the 1st year, only 2 patients had clicking. The mean VAS before and after injection injection was 8 and 3, respectively. In this study, it was determined that one intraarticular injection of 1 cc CGF in the patients with joint degeneration and TMJ disc displacement with/without reduction resulted in decrease of VAS score and click sound and increase of mouth openness. CGF injection may achieve symptomatic improvement in patients with TMJ dysfunction.

The effects of excess all-trans retinoic acid on liver tissue were investigated in this study. Tvvelve adult male VVistar rats were used. The animal were divided into three groups. I. group: 20 mg/kg/day all-trans retinoic acid was given to rats (n:4) by oral gavage, during 15 days II.group: 40 mg/kg/day all-trans retinoic acid was given to rats (n:4) by oral gavage, during 15 days III.group: Pats were used as control (n:4) End of experimental study, rats were killed under ether anesthesia. Liver tissues were taken and fixed with Boin’s solution for light microscobic observation. Paraffin blocks were prepared and 5 mm sections were stained diffrent methods. Later, sections were examined with ligth microscope. İn the experimental groups, the cytoplasms of hepatocytes in the peripheral zone of liver lobules were stainless. Excess celi infiltration which were considered activated Kupffer cells, observed at the peripheral zone. Moreover, hepatic lobule structure of experimental groups were destroyed This findings were more serious for intake 40 mg/kg/day all-trans retinoic acid rats.

Melanoacanthoma or pigmented seborrhoeic keratosis is a rare variant of seborrhoeic keratosis which commonly occurs as deeply pigmented lesion in the head and neck or trunk of elderly patients. Melanoacanthomas shows proliferation of dendritic melanocytes and basaloid keratinocytes on histology. The lesion can clinically mimic malignant melanoma and variants a histopathological examination for the right diagnosis and proper management.

Thyroid ectopy is caused by failure of the descent of thyroid tissue through thyroglossal duct during embryological development. Base of the tongue is the most common ectopic localisation of thyroid gland. It is usually asympthomatic. Adenoma, hyperplasia, inflammation, malignancy similarly can be seen in ectopic thyroid tissue, as may occur in normal thyroid tissue. In this report, we present the case who has no thyroid tissue on normal localisation, searched for ectopic localisation with scintigraphycally; treated for hypothyroidism and followed.

The effects of starvation and refeeding on intestinal mucosa nere studied in ileum of rat intestine. Forty-two adult male rats nere used in this study. Animals nere divided into three groups. First groups of twenty-one rats nere starved for 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11 and 14 days. Second group of fifteen rats nere refed after a period of starvation and then decapitated after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 12 days. Third groups of three rats nere used as control animals. Starved rats nere alloned to drink nater ad libitum. Control animals had free access to nater and to chon pellets until the time of killing. Animals nere neighed daily during the fasting period. Animals nere killed under ether anesthesia. Ileal sections nere stained. Ileal villi size nere measured by ocular micrometre. After 3-day fasting, villi heigth nas observed to be gradually decreased nith days of fasting. Body neigth and after 3-day-fasting villi heigth gradually decreased nith days of fasting. Lymphatics nere dilated (5, 9, 11 and 14 day fasting), blood vessels nere fulled up nith erytrocyte at the long term fasting (9, 11 and 14- day fasting). Paneth cells and their granules nere gradually increased nith days of fasting. Ileal villus nere determined to height increased after refeeding. Paneth cells and their dense granules nere persistent.

Amyloidoma is a tumoral deposition characterized by localized deposition of amyloid in the tissues. It is very rare in the head and neck region, especially in the maxillary sinus. A 64 years old female patient applied to our clinic with complaints of left-sided nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Endoscopic examination revealed a yellowish polypoid mass obstructing the left nasal passage. Paranasal sinus tomography revealed a tumoral mass filling the left maxillary sinus and repressing the medial wall. Biopsy was positive for amyloidosis. A complete resection of the mass was suggested for a definite diagnosis. The tumor was removed by endoscopic medial maxillectomy, which permitted total excision of the lesion. Pathology results showed amyloidosis. No other organ involvement was detected. Rectal biopsy and proteinuria were negative. Here, we present the extremely rare case having localized amyloidosis of the maxillary sinus.

It is known that anticolvulsant drugs cause os-teomalacia. As patient who suffered of leg pain were questioned and examined, we noticed that he has used an anticolvulsant drug (diphenylhydantion) for a long time by the reason of seizure. We found bi-laterally Looser zones in femur necks when ra-diological examination were carried out. Obviously it is useful to follow up the patients periodically who use anticolvulsant drugs.

Palliation of esophageal obstruction due to benign or malignant causes, esophageal stents effectively implemented. Strictures of the upper cervical esophagus stent placement, foreign body sensation in his neck due to constant worry and discomfort that the patient has particular challenges. Additionally, the endoscopist needs to have great skill to properly adjust the proximal stent end. We present the experience of stenting high cervical esophageal strictures with a selfexpanding metalic stent, in postoperative benign stenosis. Dysphagia disappeared and the endoprosthesis was well tolerated.

Neurophysiological studies have shown decreased excitability of the brain stem inhibitory interneurons in patients with headache. The C3 component of the trigemino-cervical reflex is nociceptive in character and may reflect the brain stem interneuron activity. This reflex is evoked by stimulation of the supraorbital nerve and recorded from the neck muscles. VVe recorded this reflex in 16 patients with migraine without aura and in 20 healthy subjects. There was not significant difference in latencies and amplitudes betvveen the two groups. VVe concluded that there is not decrease in brain stem inhibitory interneuronal activity İn migraine and this mechanism may not be responsible from pain control.

\r\n Purpose: Mesh erosions that necessitates excision can develop in Trans Obturator Tape (TOT) surgeries which are widely used in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

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\r\n In our study, we described a method of vaginal flap placed under suburethral sling to prevent urethral mesh erosion related with TOT surgery and evaluated the patients for postoperative complications.

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\r\n Materials and methods: In our study, 22 patients who had TOT and cystocele operations simultaneously and to whom flaps composed of vaginal tissue were placed in front of the urethra under the mesh between December 2014 and May 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were evaluated for urethral mesh erosion, vaginal mesh erosion, complaints of urgency and dyspareunia, urinary retention, and need for secondary surgery.

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\r\n Results: The mean postoperative follow-up of the patients were 8,95±8,45 months. 20 patients had simultaneous TOT and cystocele operations (%90,9), 2 patient had vaginal hysterectomy, TOT and cystocele operations simultaneously (%9,1). Urethral mesh erosion developed in none of the patients during the follow-up period. Vaginal mesh erosion and dyspareunia was observed in only one menopausal patient. Urinary retention and overflow incontinence developed in another patient. Vaginal hysterectomy, TOT and cystocele operations were made simultaneously in this patient. Mesh of this patient was cut later on.

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\r\n Coclusion: The surgical technique we used in our cases kept urgency and vaginal mesh erosion in a minimal level besides totally preventing urethral mesh erosion in a mean short-term follow-up period of 9 months.

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Aim: Radiotherapy plays a significant role in the management of head and neck cancers. However, mucositis and xerostomia are the most common side effects in curative treatment. The aim of this prospective, randomized study is to compare the efficacy of zinc sulphate and amifostine in preventation of radiation induced salivary gland damage in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients using quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy (QSGS). Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with HNC who had received radio±chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either zinc sulfate or amifostine. All the patients were once a week during RT for oral mucositis using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring criteria, and measurement of body weight. Before and 2 months after treatment, salivary gland scintigraphy was performed. Using the time–activity curves, changes in the maximum uptake (UR) and relative saliva excretion rate (ER) between pre- and post- treatment were calculated. The measurements were statistically compared using paired Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The protective effect of zinc sulphate on the salivary glands was similar to amifostine and there were no statistically significant difference in UR, ER results at QSGS, oral mucositis or weight loss between the two groups. Conclusion: The effectiveness of both support therapy was compared and there was no significant difference in efficacy. However, because of the cost difference, the use of the zinc sulphate can be an alternative to amifostine for prevention of xerostomia, oral mucositis and other toxic effects. Further studies with more patients and follow-up are suggested in this regard.

Pressure ulcers, a major problem worldwide, cause morbidity and lead to mortality. We aimed to conduct a prospective study which includes incidence of pressure ulcer and risk factors for pressure ulcers in intensive care unit of neurology. Forty-six patients were evaluated according to National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel during the ICU period strictly. Age, hospitalization period, mean arterial pressure, pressure ulcer degree, hemoglobin and albumin levels, and comorbidities were evaluated. The incidence of pressure ulcer in neurologic intensive care unit was 15%, and hypoalbuminemia, low muscular strength, and prolonged stay in intensive care unit are significantly high in pressure ulcer group than the control group. Primer prevention of pressure ulcers is one of the major issues in intensive care unit, especially to prevent protein malnutrition.

Transturethraltresection was carried ovt succesfully in the fifty-seven patient with benign prostatic hyperpiasie, bladder neck obstruction, cancer of the prostate and b7adcler betwen 1984 and 1987 spinal anesthesia wa2 giyen to eleyen patiens and general anesthesia forty-five patiens. T ype of anesthesia (spirıal and general), tissue size removed, operation time and irrigation fluid have been investigated cor;.e?ation with hemorraghie. There was correlation betwen operation time and hemor-raghie in both the spinal and general anesthesia. Correlation, between tissue size removed and hemorraghim was found ver} important in both. Correlati.on with hemorraghi.e of irrigation fluid was important in ()nin spinal anesthesie. The hemorraghie in the spinal anesthesia was much lessthan general anesthesia.

Schwannoma is a benign, solitary, and slowly progressive encapsulated tumor originating from the sheath of myelinated nerve fibers. The neoplasm should arise from all the peripheric, spinal or cranial nerves and frequently seen in the head and neck region. A 33 years-old male presented with a 10x10x6 cms giant mass of the right neck. A surgical resection was performed and the histopathologic examination of the mass was reported to be “schwannoma”. Here, a case of giant schwannoma, which is very rare in the literature, and treatment modalities are discussed.

The use of thyroxin for suppression or replacement therapy following thyroidectomy is very common. But İts effect on bone mineral density (BMD), is beeing debated. The aim of this study is to determine whether long term thyroxine therapy is a risk factor fort he development of secondary osteoporosis in premenopousal and postmenopousal womwn after thyroidectomy. 33 premenopousal and 17 postmenopousal female patients who had thyroidectomy for different indications in Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital department of fifth surgery clinic between September 2001 and October 2003 were included in this study. The patientswere put on 50-200 mcg/day L-thyroxine postoperatively and dosage was adjusted on routine follow-ups. BMD of patients at lumbar, femoral neck and Ward triangle regions was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry preoperatively and postoperatively after 6th month and first year. There was no significant difference in thyroid hormone levels and I-thyroxine döşe between the premenopousal and postmenopousal patients (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative, postoperative 6th month and postoperative first year BMD of patients groups (p<0.05). no correlation was detected between the BMD and preoperative diagnosis, surgical procedure , the döşe and duration of L-thyroxine therapy. In conclusion we think that long-term thyroxine therapy is not a single predisposant factor for decrease in BMD.

Epilepsy is one of the oldest known diseases in human history. Hippocrates described the epileptic seizure in detail and stated its relevance to heredity. Throughout the Middle Ages, epilepsy and superstitions were mixed together, it was accepted as a disease of the devil, and patients with saree were excluded from the community. Even today, in many societies, the public is afraid and afraid of epileptic patients. However, there are also epileptics in history who have ruled the state or achieved fame in science and art; Alexander the Great, Julies Caesar, Pctro the Great, Socrates, Pascal, Dostoevsky, Flaubert.

Aim: The prolonged process of new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions cause
physical inactivity, fear of COVID-19, and fatigue in individuals. During the pandemic, kinesiophobia may
raise fear of death and physical inactivity in patients. However, kinesiophobia and its relationship with
physical activity (PA), fear of COVID-19, and fatigue in individuals have not been known yet, which was
therefore aimed to investigate in the current study .
Patients and Methods: Adult individuals (n=166, 36.3±15.37 years) were included in the study.
Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), PA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-
Short Form), fear of COVID-19 (Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS-19)), and fatigue (Numeric Rating Scale)
were evaluated remotely between 3 June 2021 and 30 June 2021 th rough an online platform.
Results: Of the individuals, 91 (54.8%) had a high level of kinesiophobia, 55 (33.1%) were inactive, 84
(50.6%) were minimally active, and 27 (16.3%) were very active. Kinesiophobia score was significantly
correlated with age, weight, body mass index, education level, and walking, total PA, FCS-19, and fatigue
scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Kinesiophobia and physical inactivity are prevalent in many individuals. Although individuals
have no disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, their kinesiophobia level increases as walking, physical
activities, and education levels decrease. Kinesiophobia also increases as age, weight, body mass
index, fear of COVID-19 and fatigue increase. Considering the negative effects of kinesiophobia and the
prolonged pandemic process, individuals should be urgently dire cted to P A counseling programs.

Aim: Vertebrobasillar insufficiency (VBI) is a common problem of elderly patients. However, diagnosis of VBI is generally difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the findings and efficiencies of MRA and CDUS in the diagnosis of VBI. Material and Method: We examined 40 patients (20 men, 20 women, mean age: 54.83±14.36 years) having signs and symptoms of VBI and 20 controls of the same age and sex. All of the patients, underwent cervical MRA, CDUS, cranial MRI. The diameter measurements and systolic and diastolic flow velocities of the vertebral arteries were compared between study and control group. Posterior circulation was also evaluated by cranial MRI in patients with VBI. Results: By CDUS, 9 patients with oclusion, 5 patients with kink or stenosis and 6 patients with only hypoplasia, and 2 patients with insufficient flow were diagnosed. MRA showed occlusion in 14 patients, stenosis in 4 patients, kink in 6 patients, tortuosity in 6 patients, and fenestration in one patient. MRA of the remaining 5 patients were normal. Cranial MRI of 7 patients was abnormal. On MRA, there was distal oclusion in five out of 14 patients having oclusion. CDUS showed low velocity and high resistance in the extracranial segment of these vessels. Conclusion: When only the extracranial pathologies of vertebral arteries were in concern, CDUS specifity was 81,5% and sensitivity was 84,6% according to MRA. If all the vertebrobasillary system pathologies were in concern CDUS sensitivity and specifity according to MRA were 57,1% and 60%, respectively.

Some foreign bodles which generally cause corn-plications such as infection, rupture and fistulla have been placed into the urethra for erotic stirnulation ör curio.sity. We have diagnosed a rather big consciusly placed sewing needle approximately 10 cm. in a 16-year-old patient for erothic stimulation.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent malignancy of the oral cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma of floor of the mouth during pregnancy is not reported in the literature. 26-year-old female patient admitted to our clinic with a lesion in the mouth for 2 weeks. The patient was 34 weeks pregnant and non-smoker. ENT examination revealed that the fragile, ulcerated, 2×1 cm width and 6-7 mm depth lesion was on the left side of the floor of mouth. In eight days, the tumour was almost double in size. Median mandibulotomy was applied to facilitate the resection of the tumor via transmandibular way and the tumour was removed en bloc together with the neck dissection specimen. The patients with oral squamous carcinomas during pregnancy should be treated more quickly, patients and families should be informed about the tumor progression.

\r\n Rothia dentocariosa is a gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that is a part of the normal flora in the oral cavity and respiratory tract. Although it is a rare cause of head and neck region infection, it may be observed in immunosuppressed individuals. Here we report the case of an 33-year old man who developed parapharyngeal abscess that was caused by R. dentocariosa after acute tonsillitis. This is the first case report of a parapharyngeal abscess caused by R. dentocariosa in the literature.

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Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita is a congenital disorder characterized by joint contractures. This is often due to contractures of joints in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures is required. Short neck, micrognathia and joint contractures, causing the neck and jaw movement limitations may cause difficulty in intubation. In this presentation anesthesia management in a case of Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita were evaluated because of recurrent operations

Eighty year old, male patient presented to our clinic with symptoms of difficult nose breathing, epistaxis and rarely hemoptysis. No abnormalities were seen during oral, anterior nasal and ear examination of the patient. A mass in the nasopharynx was observed during the fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopic examination. The patient was diagnosed as extramedullary plasmacytoma based on the deep biopsy from nasopharynx. Plasmacytomas are tumors of plasma cells, develop outside the bone marrow as solitary masses and they may be associated with multiple myeloma. Cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in the head-neck area develops rarely. Malignant tumors of the nasopharynx are treated surgically and/or via radiotherapy. Extramedullary plasmacytomas are known to be radiosensitive, however, many authors recommend a combined therapy of surgery and radiotherapy. All the treatment options were explained to the patient, however, the patient did not accept surgery. Therefore, the patient was started on radiotherapy and no recurrences were observed during the twenty-nine-month follow-up period. More caution should be exercised for elderly patients presenting with nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and their nasopharynx as well as nasal cavity should be endoscopically assessed in detail.

This study evaluated the potential of Tc-99m sestamibi whole body scan as an alternative to whole body I-131 scan for well differentiated thyroid cancer patients prior to I-131 ablation and post ablation states. We evaluated 115 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who had total or near total thyroidectomy. All patients had undergone Tc-99m sestamibi whole body scanning high resolution neck ultrasonography prior to conventional I-131 whole body scanning, thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin values measured. Also all patients had neck and chest CT without contrast agent. The results showed that Tc-99m sestamibi whole body images are highly sensitive and specific in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients without thyroid supression (T4-off), compared to conventional I-31 whole body scans (kappa=0.68 p<0.001). Neck USG with Tc-99m sestamibi is comparable with conventional iodine based whole body studies also compared to high döşe post-ablation 6th day I-131 whole body scans. Neck USG increases sensitivity and decreases specificity of Tc-99m sestamibi scans. Clinical investigations had to be made to evaluate the efficiency of Tc-99m sestamibi in patients receiving thyroid supression.

A patient presented with a gunshot injury to his left shoulder. On his examination, there were no symptoms or signs except an entrance hole in front of his left shoulder. There was no bullet exit hole. Radiologic examination revealed a left clavicular fracture and a dense image suggestive of a metal at the distal portion of the right clavicle just in front of the right glenohumoral joint. İt is very interesting and unusal that a bullet tracing its way from the left shoulder to the right vvithout damaging any internal organ, vascular structure and nerves.

A total of 122 consecutive patients underwent valve replacement with a Sjörk-Shiley-Convexo-Concave (BSCC) and Sorin Allearhon (SA) prostheses from Au-gust 1, 1990 through. June 30, 19%. ,4 total of 102 pa-tients had a mitral valve replacement with SA, others had mitral valve replacement with BSCC at Selçuk Universty Hospital. AlI survivors were prospeetively lallowed hy regular clinical examinations every 3 months lbr 5 years. The mean follow-up time was 32 months_ Overall hospital mortality ?vere 5.8 % for pa-tients with SA and 15 % for patients with BSCC. Res-pectivel- lale mortality was due to thromhoemholic events (n=6), sudden death (n=3), noneardiae death (n=1 ). Khi square test eAplained that thromhotic events was a different hetween SA and BSCC (P=0.425, P<0.05). Khi square test explained that there was a significant difierent ahout late mortality rate hetween SA and BSCC (P=0.218, P<0.05). The er-hocardiographic study was carried out on 92 cases (17 BSCC. 75 SA). During the first months of ohservation no sık-nificant an actuarial differences hetween there rnec-hanical pı-ostheses could he ohserved however, afteı- 5 years of long - term follow-up the actuarial rates vere ınore favorahle for the BSCC pı-osthesis.

Magnetic resonance imaging provides high contrast, anatomic delineation of the neck and is useful for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the parathyroid masses are reported in three patients with hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Facelift surgery is a frequently preferred aesthetic surgery procedure to reduce the signs of aging and achieve a more youthful appearance. The incidence of complications such as hematoma is quite high among patients undergoing facelift surgery. This study aims to compare the efficacy of TXA and hemostatic net technique in terms of preventing hematoma formation in facelift surgery patients.

Patients and Method: The study included 65 patients (56 F, 9 M) who underwent deep plan facelift and face and neck lift between October 2019 and February 2023. Patients were evaluated in four different groups: TXA given, those applied hemostatic net, those applied both, and the control group applied neither. Demographic information, follow-up findings, any hematoma or other complications in the postoperative period were recorded. Differences between the groups were evaluated statistically.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 54 years. The patient group using only TXA consisted of 17 patients, the group hemostatic net applied consisted of 9 patients, the group applied both consisted of 21 patients, and the control group consisted of 18 patients. Hematoma was observed in 6 patients in total. Although a numerical decrease in the incidence of haematoma was observed in patients in whom only haemostatic net was used and in patients in whom only TXA was used, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The incidence of haematoma decreased that is statistically significant in patients in whom TXA and haemostatic net were used together (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Tranexamic Acid and hemostatic net both together showed to be effective in reducing the incidence of hematoma. It is thought that these measures may improve surgical outcomes and accelerate the recovery process of patients.

Purpose: The development of orbita and surrounding region were evaluated with the anthropometric measure- ments in human fetuses during the intrauterine period. Materials and method: The study group constituted 140 (70 male, 70 female) fetuses without craniofacial or other anomalies or pathologies and ages ranging between 10 and 40 gestational vveeks. Fetuses nere divided into 4 groups as first, second, third trimesters and full-term. Nine anthropometric values from cranium and orbital region and chantal index were determined. Studied parameters were head circumference, head width, facial width, facial height, outer orbital distance, inner orbital distance, orbital height, orbital width, oro-palpebral distance and chantal index. Results: There were significant correlations between gestational age and ali parameters (p<0.001). There were significant differences between groups in ali anthropometric parameters (p<0.05). Chantal index significantly differed between first trimester and full term or second trimester and full term fetuses (respectively; p<0.05, p<0.01). Outer Chantal measurements showed more increments than inner chantal measurements during fetal period. İn fetal period, orbital width showed more increase than orbital height through full term. Conclusions: İt is determmed that there is no significant difference between sexes in respect to ali parameters (p>0.05). New data a e derived for fetal period to evaluate orbital development. VVe hope that our data will be useful in evaluation of fetal orbital development.

Abstract

Animal bites to the face can cause serious defects. In select cases when the avulsed part has been carefully preserved and brought-in with the patient, replantation may be the best solution.

In other cases, few strategies are present. The classical “watchful waiting” strategy to treat such patients could be described as letting the wound to heal and only then, initiate reconstruction. Wound scarring and patient’s psychological disturbance due to prolonged rehabilitation are its biggest disadvantages. However, a proactive method with reconstruction initiated early during the convalescent phase, can result in faster rehabilitation.

Herein, we present detailed description of a successful early reconstruction of the perioral area in a teenage girl following a dog bite; the reconstruction encompassing the anatomical, functional and aesthetic spectrum. Thus, we believe, proactive strategy has a huge potential in the modern era of reconstructive head and neck surgery.

Numerous animal models are developed in order to describe pathophysiology of the allergic rhinitis and to find alternative treatment. One of the substances used in the literature to improve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis is honey. Mechanisms of honey to accomplish this effect have not yet been explained. In this study, the aim was creating allergic rhinitis in rats, and evaluating the efficacy of honey in the treatment of allergic rhinitis disease. 0.5 cc venous blood sample was taken from 6 rats. To provide sensitization, 25 µg ovalbumin, dissolved in 2.5 mg aluminum hydroxide, was injected to rats via intraperitoneal way on 0,7, and 14th days. After one week, to give rise the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, 50 µg ovalbumin were given intranasal during 7 days. 30 minutes before giving intranasal ovalbumin, 1gr/kg honey dissolved in the water was given by gavage. At the beginning and end of the experiment, serum IgE levels were determined by spectrophotometry. On the last day of the experiment the number of itching nose and sneezing of rats was counted for 10 min and compared between two groups. Itching nose and sneezing scores were lower in the honey-treated group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.513; p= 0.127). Statistical significance was found between serum total IgE levels between the two groups (p= 0.046). Allergic rhinitis model in rats using ovalbumin can be achieved within 1 month. Honey changed the serum IgE levels and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Due to the these results of preliminary study , honey can be an alternative treatment besides other treatment modalities for allergic rhinitis and further studies can be done in the future.

Evaluation of body temperature in a day period in Down syndrome children with congenital heart disease and comparison of results with control group. Fifty-one Down syndrome children with congenital heart diseases who were hospitalized and followed up in pediatric cardiology clinic because of various non-infectious etiologies between September 2010 and August 2011 were included in the study. The two control groups were selected from 26 non-Down children who had and had not congenital heart disease respectively. Sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and procalsitonine levels, white blood cell and platelet counts were determined in all groups during hospitalization. Humoral and cellular immune systems were evaluated in Down syndrome patients with recurrent and/or nonexplained upper and lower airway infectious. Body temperature was determined in all patients twice a day in morning, noon, evening and night. No statistical differences was detected between the groups according to sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and procalsitonine levels, white blood cell and platelet counts. Isolated ventricular septal defect is the most common detected congenital heart disease in Down syndrome patients. Body temperature measurements were statistically different in Down syndrome group than two control groups and it was detected that basal body temperature was higher during the day. Body temperature is higher in Down syndrome children with congenital heart disease during the day. This is because of the defect in hypothalamic temperature regulator center rather than the hemodynamic defect. For this reason the limit temperature of fever in Down syndrome patients should be different than healthy children.

Medical interventions to the patients from whom healing expectations (with the current technological and scientific data) were considered to be lost are being ethically discussed about the benefit and loss to the patient. When it is about the limited sources of the country, particularly like the intensive care units, it becomes an administrative issue. In this study we evaluated the patients in the terminal phase of their diseases with no expectancy of healing, hospitalized in the medical intensive care unit (ICU)of our university hospital. Thirteen terminal phase patients out of 73 patients hospitalized between 25 October 2010 and 30 April 2011 were evaluated retrospectively in ICU. Eleven of the patients had oncological disease (6 lung cancers and 5 other organ cancers). These patients had widespread metastases not responding to therapy. Tree of the other patients had ejection fraction lower than 15% following myocardial infarction with no chance for transplantation due to low health status, one had advanced respiratory muscle involvement due to muscular dystrophy, the another had intersitisyel lung diseases with severe respiratory failure, the other had liver cirrhosis with multiple complications. Fifteen patients died in the intensive care unit, whereas two patient was discharged with home mechanical ventilator support. Medical cost of the patients was 208.200,640/TL. They were hospitalized for 233 bed/days. The number of beds occupied by these terminal phase patients in this period were considered to be high. Foundation of palliative care units or hospice service with necessary law evaluations, is very useful and important not only for optimal use of limited financial sources but also for comfort of patient and relatives.

Purpose: Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and extensor hallucis proprius (EHP) muscles were overloaded in Ischaemic and normal muscle in order to determine how muscle hypertrophy occurred under these conditions, and to vvhat extend fibres of different size in the same muscle responded to overload during different time courses. Methods: İn this experiment 87 male rats were used and divided into control (C), ischaemic (I) achieved by unilateral ligation of the common iliac artery, overloaded (O) achieved by unilateral ablation of the synergist tibialis anterior, and overloaded plus ischaemic (O+l) groups. Histological analysis was performed on cryostat sections. Results: İn EDL hypertrophy occurred at the same level during the first 4 vveeks (P<0.05 vs. O), while in the smaller EHP hypertrophy occurred progressively över this time (P<0.01). After 6 vveeks, hypertrophy of the EDL was clearly greater than at earlier time points. İn the EDL muscle the response to hypertrophy was greatest in the smaller muscle fibres (P<0.01). VVhile hypertrophy was not signlficant in the larger fibres, atrophy was significant during ischaemia (P<0.01). VVhen overloaded muscle was made ischaemic there was less hypertrophy compared to non-ischaemic muscle during the first 4 weeks but it reached the same level by 6 vveeks, possibly due to angiogenesis in this time. Conclusions: There was greater hypertrophy in the smaller muscle vvhen a synergist muscle was removed, and there was also greater hypertrophy in the smaller fibres vvithin same muscle. İt is postulated that in order to prevent atrophy and stimulate angiogenesis in the ischaemic muscle, as vvas shovvn in the O+l muscle, careful exercise is reçuired although possible pain during the initial period may limit the response.

Selçuk University Medical Faculty staff and people of some health eenters in Konya (Mevlana, 1 Hasanköy. Aydınlıkevler, Binkonut, Karaaslan and Apa village) were examined by palpation of thyroid gland and a specific questionnaire form. 1190 female and ınale people, who were older than 15 years and were selected by lzaphazard method, were entered the study. Thyroid hyperplasia occurance was found ta be 13.6% in Imal. 18.2% of women and 6.96% of men had thyroid hyperplasia. Although the iodine concentration of drinkingutilizing waters in Konya was 12.5 ± 6.25 mcgIL, thyroid hyperplasia is slill a health problem today. We suggest the iodine salt in prophylaxis.

Objective: Conjunctiva is a region where various neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions may develop.  In this study, we aimed to perform a histopathological analysis of conjunctival lesions and to determine their prevalence.

Material & Methods: Conjunctival biopsies of 401 patients who presented to the pathology laboratory between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively examined. The cases were histopathologically divided into two groups as non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic lesions were further divided into subgroups as benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. The prevalence of lesions and distribution of age and gender among the groups were analyzed.

Results: In our series of 401 patients, the mean age was 49.89±21.75 years. Of all patients, 209 (52.1%) were male and 192 (47.9%) were female. Non-neoplastic lesions were found in 296 (73.8%) and neoplastic lesions in 105 (26.2%) patients. The mean age was found as 50.79±19.34 years in patients with non-neoplastic lesions, and 47.34±27.39 years in patients with neoplastic lesions. Of neoplastic lesions, 64 (60.2%) were benign, 17 (16.2%) premalignant, and 24 (22.6%) malignant. The most commonly found non-neoplastic lesion was pterygium (n:220; 54.78%) while the most common benign lesions were nevus and other pigmented lesions (n:38; 9.5%), and the most common malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (n:14; 3.5%). The prevalence of neoplastic lesions significantly increased over 45 years old (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In the current study, conjunctival lesions diagnosed in our laboratory over 10 years were reviewed and histopathologically analyzed. Recognition of conjunctival lesions and being aware of the rates of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions are crucial for treatment planning and protection of visual functions.

Chest pain is a common complaint in children. It doesn’t usually indicate a cardiac problem but it is considered as heartache by the patients and their families. In this article, the patients with chest pain in pediatric cardiology clinic for the last 18 months have been evaluated and the etiology of chest pain has been discussed. The study includes 441 patients with chest pain, who were admitted to the Department of pediatrics, Division of pediatric cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University between May 2011 and November 2012. The data of the patients has been reviewed retrospectively. Medical history and family history of the patients, cardiac physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm holter monitoring, exercise testing and laboratory tests have been evaluated. In our study the mean age of the patients was 11 (5-18 year-old). 217 (49.2%) of the patients were male and 224 (50.8%) of the patients were female. Medical history, physical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography of all the patients have been evaluated. Cardiac pathology has been recognized in 10 (2.3%) of the patients. The reasons that cause chest pain are idiopathic in 378 (85.7%) patients, psychological in 22 (5%) patients, lung diseases in 20 (4.5%) patients, gastrointestinal disorders in 6 (1.4%) patients, musculoskeletal system diseases in 3 (0.7%) patients, Familial Mediterranean Fever in 1 (0.2%) patient and pectus excavatum in 1 (0.2%) patient. According to this study, the etiology of chest pain in children is extra cardiac factors in majority. Differential diagnosis should be made carefully due to possibility of life threatening consequences of cardiac disorders. If there is no cardiac pathology as a result of medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests the patient and the family should be informed about this.

Aim: Diagnosed with multifocal dystonia, the subjects without trauma, exposure to toxic substances, metabolic diseases or the history of chronic drug use were aimed to be discussed in light of literature. Case Report: A 62- year-old man was recruited to our clinic with the complaints of the pain on the right half of the neck, tenderness, contractions on both hands, more definite on the right. In his history, it was determined that the pain on the right half of the neck had been present for two years and the complaint of contraction on the right hand had just started after the right neck pain, and that contraction on the left hand had existed for one year. On his physical examination, a mass which could palpably be felt, in size of 1x1 cm, of neatly framed and tender was observed on the right half of the neck. On the neurologic examination, dystonia existed on both hands, more marked on the right, and tonus had increased on both upper extremities in the nature of rigidity. On the cervical MRI, definite protrusion on C5-6, left paramedian protrusion on C5-6, C6-7 and cord impression on C5-6 were present. Conclusion: What makes our case remarkable is timely correlation between pain on right half of neck and beginning of dystonia on right upper extremity. Chronic pain could lead to movement disorder in the form of dystonia by disinhibitation of the silent spinal cord central pattern generator by causing hyperexitability of spinal interneurons.

Neuroblastoma is the most common (1/7000 - 1/10000) embryonal tumor of neural tube origin (1). It can originate from any part of the sympathetic nervous system. It can be located in the head, neck mediastinum, paraortic sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla and pelvis. Diner diseases associated with the neural tube are also encountered (2).

We aimed to propose a management in a patient with thyroidectomized and high thyroglobulin (Tg) level, but negative radioiodine scan, whose lymph nodes detected with PET/CT. PET/CT was done to a patient, 31 years-old, with thyroidectomized and given radioiodine treatment, but not followed for a long time, for high Tg level and negative radioiodine scan. Metabolically active lymph nodes were detected in the cervical region. So, lymph nodes were excised with minimally invasive surgery. Radioiodine treatment was done because of papillary carcinoma metastasis. PET/CT may contribute to diagnosis in cases of high Tg levels, but negative radioiodine treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

To determine human sperm cell motility and DNA integrity exposed to mobile phones broadcasting at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands according to different distances. Two main groups were created with each containing 20 samples. Samples were treated for 15 minutes with 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radiofrequency actively emitted radiation. Each group was divided into three subgroups as; control group, 2,5 cm and 10 cm distance exposed group. Each group was evaluated in terms of sperm motility (according to WHO 2010 criteria) and DNA integrity (Acridine Orange Staining). Statistically the motility parameter (Class A+B type) of 2,5 and 10 cm radiation exposed groups showed no any significant difference for both 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands (p>0,05). But for comparisons of DNA integrity there was a statistically significant difference for groups related inversely with the distance (p<0,05). Our data reveals that reduction of the distance from the source of radiation increases the rate of damage of DNA integrity. Therefore it can be suggested that it is as safer as one keeps mobile phone as long away from his/ her body.

Aim: Bites are an essential cause of injury since the world. Treatment of bites is made according to specific guides and principles. The study's purpose is to examine the demographic characteristics of patients hospitalized due to bite wounds and to be a guide for new studies and treatments by sharing surgical treatment experiences.

Material and Method: Patients who were bitten and required surgical treatment were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, tetanus, and rabies prophylaxis applications, infection agents isolated from the wound site, antibiotherapies applied, and surgical treatments were recorded.

Results: Of the patients, 43 were male and mean age (±SD) of 34.5±23.8years (range, 3-85 years). Bites were in the head and neck region in 13(65%) of patients under 15 years old and in 12(27.3%) of the patients over 15 years old. In extremities, the injury was present in 7(35%) patients under 15 and in 28(63.6%) patients over 15 years old. Of the injuries, 50(78.1%) were caused by dogs, 8(12.5%) by wild animals (7 pigs, one wolf), 4(6.3%) by other pet species (horse, donkey, cow), and 2(3.1%) by humans. The intervention was made to all the patients according to guide of rabies prophylaxis specified by the Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Irrigation was applied to the wound site with plenty of pressurized and soapy water. Forty patients received tetanus prophylaxis, 62 patients received rabies prophylaxis, and rabies immunoglobulin was applied to patients considered as suitable. Prophylactic amoxicillin clavulanate treatment was started in 38 of the patients, crystalline penicillin-G in 12, sultamicillin in 6, the combination of sultamicillin and aminoglycoside in 6, and cefazolin treatment in 2. 12(18.8%) patient underwent an urgent operation for repair process without any microbiological examination on the date of arrival. Among the patients to whom repair was applied on the first day, 7 had primary saturation, 3 had a local flap, 1 underwent ear, and 1 underwent nasal replantation, one patient had femoral artery repair, and one patient had peroneal nerve repair. Among 52 patients who underwent late repair, primary suturation was applied to 35, skin graft to 4, local flap to 17, and paramedian forehead flap to 2. No complication was seen in any of the patients who underwent early and late repairs.

Conclusion: Bacterial burden of the wound can be reduced enough to allow urgent repair owing to the irrigation of the wound with plenty of pressurized and soapy water in bites. 

Multiple sclerosis(MS) lesions can occur in different parts of the central nervous system therefore cause a variety of symptoms and signs.In this case receive a diagnosis of MS without finding anything other than dysesthesia and changed into a very different clinical pictures of musculoskeletal symptomatology of MS would like to draw attention to an insidious course. 22-year-old female patient physical therapy clinic complaining of dysesthesia that since the last 1 month in the right arm.All examination of the outside of the left arm common dysesthesia;cranial nerve,superficial and deep sensory,motor,deep tendon reflex and pathological reflexes examination was normal. There was no resume and family history feature.Neck x-ray was normal.But magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the spinal cord to be C2-3 and C3-4 levels hyperintense signal in the T2sequence and also in the brain in the left centrum semiovale hypointense signal in T1,hyperintense signal in T2sections,and after İV of Gad,bialteral centrum semiovale and periventricular white matter was observed enhancing rim millimeter-sized demyelinating plaques. In CSF oligoclonal bands tended positive IgGindex was 0.98. Routine blood tests was normal. After evaluating the case with neurology,clinical,radiological and laboratory data were evaluated by the MS after the exclusion of other etiology. 1000 mg/day dose intravenous methylprednisolone was given for 5 days. When the diagnosis of MS is easy to put the classic symptoms,but atypical in navigation is difficult to diagnose. This is how a variety of signs and symptoms within the scope of physical therapy clinics and how different it may indicate an underlying disease.

Pregnancy habits of motIzers and their relation to child ınortality have been studied between March and May of 1991. Mothers between 15-24 years of age, consanquinity, the intervals less than 2 years betwe-en pregnancies, pregnancy less than 38 weeks, igno-rance of tetanus immunization, meals largely related cereal nutrition and lackiness of nutritive balance, weight gain less than 9 kg, lack of prenatal health care, multiple pregnancy increased infant and child monality rate and this increase was statistically me-aningffil (p<0.05). Unspecified illnesses during pregnancy and vomiting, increase in food intake pa-rallel pregnx2ncy, and undesirable pregnancy diri not affect infant and child monality significantly.

To present a patient who was diagnosed as Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane at 17th gestational week, she didn’t accept termination of her pregnancy and followed up for 14 weeks period. The patient was 35 years old and had 17 weeks pregnancy estimated using the date of the patient’s last menstrual period, referred to our clinic with vaginal discharge. The patient hospitalized for fetal and maternal monitoring with diagnosis of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane because of continued vaginal discharge at anamnesis, positive result at nitrazine paper and decreasing amniotic fluid on ultrasound. The family was asked for termination of pregnancy but they wanted to continue pregnancy. The patient was followed up for 14 weeks period with giving antibiotics. The patient’s labour started spontaneously on 31 gestational age, increased cervical dilatation at vaginal examination so that the patient was delivered by cesarean section. On first postoperative day the patient complained from swelling at left leg so left extremity venous doppler was performed and acute deep vein thrombosis was detected. Because of shortness of breath with continued fever at the patient, contrast computerized tomography and pulmonary angiographytaken with the preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism. The absolute result was pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was discharged without any problem on 10th postoperative day for use warfarin sodium (Coumadin®, Zentiva, İstanbul )5 mg / day po. The prevalence of thromboembolic events among women for whom extended bed rest is prescribed as part of the treatment of premature labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes is significantly increased with respect to that among pregnant women who do not receive this therapy

Hemangiomas are the most common congenital lesions and they are the most common tumors of childhood(1). Vascular malformations are common lesions accounting for approximately 7% of all benign tumours(2). Although the head and neck region comprises only 14% of the body surface, 65% of hemangiomas arise from this region(1). MRI in the diagnosis of hemangiomas and hemangiomas regressed with medical therapy in childhood is a very useful imaging method for assessing response to treatment.

Aim: Spinal arteriovenous malformation is a rare pathology located in the dura along the spinal canal. Multi-detector computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography is a recently developed imaging technique. We present findings of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multi-detector computed tomographic angiography in 16-year-old patient with spinal arteriovenous malformations. Case report: MR images showed signal voids dilated vessels at the surface of the spinal cord at C1-2 level. Also, multi-detector computed tomographic angiography demontrated dilated varix-like vessels. The patient was diagnosed as having a spinal arteriovenous malformation. Result: Multi-detector computed tomographic angiography can be a non-invasive usefulness technique in detect the spinal arteriovenous malformatios.

We aimed to present a case with breast cancer which has cervical lymph nodes with increased FDG uptake in 18F-FDG PET/ CT and has biopsy result of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Sixty-three year-old female patient with breast cancer complaining cervical and thoracal pain was imaged with PET/CT. PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake in bilaterally cervical, left submandibular and left prevertebral lymph nodes. The clinician considered that this image was related to an infectious process and continued to chemotherapy. A solid lesion was determined in follow-up ultrasonography. A PET/CT imaging was done to confirm this lesion. Increasing in quantity and SUVmax values of cervical, submandibular and prevertebral lymph nodes was determined. There was also a right axillary lymph node and a hypodense lesion with increased FDG uptake in liver. Biopsy was recommended because of increasing quantity and FDG uptake of lymph nodes and a new lesion in liver after chemotherapy. Biopsy result was tuberculosis lympadenitis in lymph nodes and metastasis in liver. False positive results in FDG-PET studies should be kept in mind because tuberculosis is a common disease in Turkey. Biopsy should be done in atypical cases.

Introduction: In this study, in order to shed light on the intraparenchymal pressure reduction mechanism of dexmedetomidine, the effect of two different doses of 80 and 320 µg kg-1 on the levels of vasoconstrictor Endothelin-1(ET-1) and vasodilator prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in transient global cerebral ischemia model in rabbits was examined. This study was conducted in the Selcuk University Experimental Medicine Research Center between June 2005 and January 2006 and approved by an ethical committee. All rabbits were randomly divided into four groups; six rabbits in each group. In Group 1, a craniotomy was performed and the ischemia was not created. In Group 2, only an ischemia-reperfusion was performed. During reperfusion, 80 µg kg-1 intravenous dexmedetomidine was administered to Group 3, and 320 µg kg -1 intravenous dexmedetomidine was administered to Group 4. After the application of craniotomy and cervical neck dissection of the rabbits in Groups 2, 3 and 4, the bilateral carotid arteries were clamped and an ischemia was performed for one hour. Then, the clamps were removed and reperfusion was performed for one hour. In addition, ıntraparenchymal pressure were recorded after craniotomy and reperfusion. Blood and CSF samples were collected from rabbits after craniotomy in Group 1 and reperfusion in Groups 2,3 and 4 to determine levels of ET-1 and PGI2. Intraparenchymal pressure values after the reperfusion in Group II and IV were significantly higher than Group I( p< 0.05), but any significant increase in Group III (p>0.05). ET-1 levels of both blood and CSF were increased in the group performed ischemia and reperfusion and no treatment (Group II) and the group administered low dose dexmedetomidine (Group III) were similar with the sham group (p>0.05). However, PGI2 levels of CSF were significantly decreased in the group administered low dose dexmedetomidine (p< 0.05). Dexmedetomidine can reduce the intraparenchymal pressure by reducing the level of ET-1 in the transient global cerebral ischemia model.

Infravesical obstruction as a result of acute üretral stricture was a common pathology in males and a rare pathology in female. İt developed secondary to infection and trauma. İt gain importance because by preventing urine flovv it produce upper urinary tract damage. İn our clinic a total of 243 patients with a mean age of 58 years have shown to have üretral stricture during last 10 years. We benifit from their physical examination, retrograde uretherografhy, IVP+postvoiding cystogram, ultrasonography and uretherography. İnternal urethrotomy was applied for 150 patients, bladder neck TUR for 36 patients, urethroplasty for 6 patients and rail-road urethroplasty for 3 patients. Four years of follovv up shovved recurrent urethral narrovving in 60% of patient internal urethrotomy, 6 montly dilatation in 75% of patients vvith urehral dilatation, recurrent narrovving in 10% of patients vvith bladder neck TUR and internal urethrotomi in 60% of patients vvith rail-road uretroplasty. Inspite of a new developed techniçues for urethral stricture it keep its recurrent, narrovving especialty which recquires continous follovv up.

Introduction: İn this study, we presented the results of smooth pinning which is a less aggressive surgical procedure with pelvipedal cast application in fractures of the neck of the femur in children. Materials and Methods: This study covers the results of surgically treated 48 hips of 49 children with fractured neck of femur who were admitted to our clinic betvveen 1986-1998. The mean age was 6.2 years (range 2-9 years). According to Colonna classification, four hips were type I, 27 hips were type II, 16 hips were type III, and two hips were type IV. İn ali patients, closed reduction with three or four percutaneus or öpen surgical smooth pins of two or three millimeters in diameter was applied using image intensifier and traction table. Pelvipedal cast was applied postoperatively. Results: Patients were follovved for 43 months (range 27-163 months) and the results were assessed using Ratliff’s criteria. Thirty-nine (79.6%) hips had good, nine (18.4%) hips had fair, one (2%) hip had poor results. Complications included avascular necrosis in 10 hips, prematüre closure of the epiphyseal plate in 3 hips, non-union in 3 hips, varus deformity in five hips, pin loosening in three hips. Conclusion: We realized that smooth pins were advantageous as their damages on epiphyseal plate were less, their percutaneus applications were easier and removing them by minör surgical procedures was possible. Unlike in adults, the femoral fractures in children are healed easily vvithout using compressive systems. İn relation to this, we observed that smooth pins had no negative effects in fracture union. The complication rates in this study were not higher than other studies reported in the literatüre.

OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise improves several aspects of cognition such as attention, executive functions, memory and processing speed.  However, it is not clear how elite-level strength training affects cognitive function during adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine how a single session of strength training affects cognition in highly trained adolescents.

METHODS: Motor functions, ability of sustaining attention and executive functions of 25 elite female weightlifters were evaluated through finger tapping performance, simple visual reaction time (S- VRT), complex visual reaction time (C-VRT), simple recognition visual reaction time (SR-VRT) and complex recognition visual reaction time (CR-VRT) tests. Weightlifters were tested before and after a training session. 

RESULTS: There was a significant increase in mean CR-VRT of weightlifters after training (p<.01). In SR-VRT and CR-VRT tests, rate of false answers increased significantly after training (p<.05). Total number of taps and mean inter-tap intervals did not show any difference among weightlifters before and after training (p>.05). 

CONCLUSION: Adolescent weightlifters’ executive functions are deteriorated following a training session. In future studies, the duration of this deteriorating effect of strength training can be investigated.

Epidermoid cyst refers to the implantation of epidermal elements into the dermal and deeper tissues. In head and neck, incidence ranges from 1.6 to 7%. In the tonsillar area it is extremely rare i.e less than 0.01%. They occur in fetal period  as congenital lesion or as an acquired lesion  either due to a trauma or  as post surgery implant. In this case report, we will discuss the epidermoid cyst, in a 46-year-old male who presented with history of pain in the throat with previous history of bilateral tonsillectomy. 

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kritik bakım hastalarında yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ) yatışında ölçülen kan üre
azotu (BUN)/albümin oranının hastane içi mortaliteyi tahmin etme açısından prognostik değerinin
değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif gözlemsel çalışma, bir üniversite hastanesinin acil servisinde (AS)
gerçekleştirildi. Altı ay (1 Temmuz 2019 - 31 Aralık 2019) boyunca acil AS-YBÜ’ye yatırılan hastalar
çalışmaya dahil edildi. BUN/albümin oranının hesaplanmasında YBÜ’ye kabul öncesi ölçülmüş olan BUN
ve albümin değerleri esas alındı. Çalışmanın birincil sonucu ha stane içi mortaliteydi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 572 hasta dahil edildi. Dahil edilen hastaların ortanca yaşı 66 (54–77) yıldı
ve bunların 362'si (%63,3) erkekti. Genel hastane içi mortalite oranı 29.0% (166 hasta) idi. Vefat edenlerin
ortanca BUN seviyesi hayatta kalanlardan daha yüksekti (38,2 (21,4-59,7) ve 21,9 (14,9-36,9) mg/dL,
p<0,001). Vefat edenlerin ortanca albümin seviyesi hayatta kalanlardan daha düşüktü (2,9 (2,3-3,5) ve 3,7
(3,2-4,0) g/dL, p<0,001). Vefat edenlerin ortanca BUN/albümin oranı hayatta kalanlardan daha yüksekti
(13.33 (6.69–22.99) ve 6.21 (3.83–11.21), p<0.001). Eğri altında kalan alanların sıralaması albümin
(0,742), BUN/albümin oranı (0,720) ve BUN (0,678) idi. Hastane içi mortaliteyi tahmin etme açısından
hesaplanan kesim değerleri, albümin için 3,2 g/dL, BUN/albümin oranı için 10 ve BUN için 32 mg/dL idi.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, YBÜ’ye yatış sırasında saptanan hipoalbüminemi, kritik hastalarda hastane içi
mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Yüksek BUN ve BUN/albümin oranı da bu hastalarda hastane içi mortalitenin
öngörücüleridir; ancak BUN ve BUN/albümin oranı hipoalbüminemid en daha üstün değildir .

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous glucose infusion in dopamine and its metabolite
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine and its metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol levels in ventromedial
nucleus (VMN) by brain microdialysis method.
Patients and Methods: 2 groups of normally fed (saline and glucose administered) and 2 groups of 24 hours
food restricted (saline and glucose administered) male adult Wistar albino rats were used. Microdialysis
samples were collected at 20-minute intervals. After recording the first samples, 1.4 ml/kg 50% glucose
solution and 0.9% saline were infused via tail vein. Then, other microdialysis samples were collected for 40
minutes from satiated and fasted rats. All microdialysis samples were analyzed by HPLC-ECD system. All
values were normalised with controls before application and sta tistically analysed by SPSS 20.0.
Results: While dopamine concentrations didn’t change in physiological saline administered fasted and
satiated animals and glucose-administered fasted animals, a statistically insignificant increase was noticed
in glucose-administered satiated groups. DOPAC concentrations showed a statistically significant increase in
satiated glucose group compared to control group about DOPAC concentrations (p=0.004).
Conclusion: Dopaminergic neurotransmission in VMN may vary with blood glucose level. Hyperglycemia
following food intake may contribute to the feeling of satiety by increasing dopaminergic neurotransmitter
concentration in VMN.

Wrestling has been regarded as a form of hand-to-hand combat among individuals throughout the history of mankind and has come to this day as a high man-partridge virtue (1). Wrestling is the struggle of two wrestlers to dominate each other by using technique, skills, strength and intelligence in accordance with ILA (International Amateur Wrestling Federation) rules without using tools on the mats of certain sizes.

Objective: To determine the effect of COVID-19 infection on anxiety level in pregnant women.

Material and Methods: In this study, a questionnaire and Beck anxiety scale were applied to pregnant women who referred to outpatient clinic for routine pregnancy control in June 2020 to determine their concerns that may be related to COVID-19. Pregnant women admitted with obstetric emergencies and obstetric risk were not included in the study.

Results: 177 pregnant women were included in the study and the pregnant women were divided into four groups according to their score on Beck anxiety scale. Anxiety level of pregnant women was 44.6%. The possibility of not being with his family at the time of birth and the fear of death due to COVID-19 were statistically significantly associated with higher anxiety levels.

Conclusions: In this process, it is important to provide psychosocial support in addition to the follow-up of pregnant women by a multidisciplinary team consisting of perinatology, newborn and intensive care specialists.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D levels, which were determined over a year in the pediatric
clinic of a training and research hospital in Central Anatolia, according to age groups, gender, and
seasonal characteristics.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using the data of children aged 0–18
years who applied to the children’s clinic of a hospital between January 2019 and December 2019 and
whose vitamin D levels were determined. Children were divided into five different age groups, 28 days–12
months, 13 months–2 years, 2–5 years, 6–11 years, and 12–18 years, in accordance with Standard 6
recommendations. Vitamin D levels were evaluated in terms of age group, gender, and admission season.
Results: A total of 9496 children, 5360 (56.4%) females and 4136 (43.6%) males, were included in the
study. A 25(OH)D level below 20 ng/mL (representing a deficiency) was found in 6472 (68.2%) of the
participants, while 2085 (21.9%) participants had a 25(OH)D level between 21–29 ng/mL (representing an
insufficiency) and 939 (9.9%) participants had a 25(OH)D level over 30 ng/mL (representing sufficiency).
It was determined that vitamin D levels are lower in girls than in boys, vitamin D levels are inversely
proportional to age, and vitamin D levels reach their lowest values in winter and highest values in summer.
The effects of age group, gender, and season of admission on vitamin D levels were statistically significant
(P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The mean vitamin D levels for all age groups were either insufficient or deficient. Vitamin D
levels in children aged 0–18 is related to age, gender, and season. Necessary measures should be taken,
especially for at-risk groups, to prevent vitamin D deficiency or insuf ficiency.

Deep neck infection (DNI) used to manifest itself with a lethal compliactions when early diagnosis and treatment was ignored. Although, the advent of antibiotics has reduced considerably the incidence of overall number of deep neck infections. However, insufficient cure of infection of concerned tissue or the USC of inappropriate antibiotic treatment can mask the DNI related symptoms and findings. In this report, we are presenting a case tha was admitted to our clinic with a gastrointestinal hemorrhage and Iater her deep neck infection was diagnosed. The pus was drained out and treated with appropriate antibiotic regiment.

Medical School between lune 1995 and Apı-il 199C. 28 of the ope-rations were for acquired heart disease and 3 were for congenital heart disease. During caı-- diopulrnonary bypass, moderate hypotermia and cold potassium cardioplegia were used. 7 patients who had coronarv artery disease were peıformed CABG. 18 ones with valve disease were peıformed valve replacemed or valvılloplasiy. One patient with myxonıa underwent tunıor excision, aortic dis-section underwend Bentall proceduı-e Septal defekt were repaired. Early moı-tality rate was found 12.9 % with a 4 patients.