Makale Arama

 Celiac disease is the only life-long continuing food intolerance. This intolerance, caused by gluten, endamages the structure of small intestine and prevents the absorption of nutritional elements. Celiac disease is usually related with other auto-immune diseases. Rate of this disease in our country is increasing in time. It can be seen in people of different ages and different clinical findings. In our day, the most efficient way of treatment is removal of gluten from daily diet. Gluten-free diet that step in treatment phase, affects the living of individual in a period in which growth and development is most rapid. By applying the gluten-free diet strictly, the risk of complications like low bone mineral density and intestine malignite related with the disease, can be decreased. However, it is not always easy to apply and keep track of gluten-free diet by family or child. Moreover, gluten-free diet can cause excess of some nutritional elements (saturated fat), gaining high calorie, and poorness of some nutritional elements (fiber, folic acid, vitamin B ₁₂, iron, zinc, magnesium). Particularly, gluten-free products, when compared with their gluten-including equivalents, have less magnesium, fiber, and folic acid, as well as they are far more expensive. It is determined that a lot of patient considered "resistant" to diet treatment are also eating gluten-including food. Therefore, gluten-free diet should be planned and followed well, and family and child should be educated. This editted article is about, celiac disease, diet treatment for celiac disease, principles of the diet treatment, concordance to the diet, and the factors that effects this concordance.

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Background: The aim of this study was to develop a fructose- and iron-mediated model of steatohepatitis, which is similar to the human phenotype.

Methods: We randomly divided ninety 1.5 months old female Wistar-Albino rats into three groups. All three groups contained 30 rats in each group and 5 subgroups per group. While the control group was fed ad libitum, the fructose group’s feed consisted of 60% fructose in drinking water and that of the fructose-iron group consisted of 60% fructose in drinking water along with intraperitoneal administration of iron every 2 weeks. We performed laparotomies at 2-week intervals (at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks) in all subgroups.

Results: None of the groups had hepatosteatosis or fibrosis at the end of the 10th week. Hepatocellular ballooning scores were significantly higher in the fructose-fed groups than in the control group (p<0.001). At 10th week serum ferritin levels in the fructose-iron group were significantly higher than those in the control and fructose groups (p<0.001). Iron accumulation in the rat liver was observed in the fructose-iron group histopathologically by the 4th week.

Conclusion: Chemically and histopathologically, a model of steatohepatitis can not be developed in young and female rats with 60% concentrated fructose feeding and administration of iron for 10 weeks. To develop a model of steatohepatitis resembling the human phenotype, it is more advisable and feasible to use adult male rats fed meals combined with fructose in order to maintain adequate hydration and nutrition for at least 16 weeks.

Sustainability is satisfying the needs of present generation by pro tecting presence and quality of resources that future generations will need. A sustainable nutrition system refers to a diet with low environmental impacts which contribute to food and nutrition security for healthy life for present and future generations. Nutrition systems has changed as a result of growing global population, developing the technology, urbanization and industrialization. This situation result in environmental problems as water resources and land uses and increasing greenhouse gases emissions in addition to several health problems notably increasing cronic diseases incidence. Environmental changes and nutrition systems are interrelated. A nutrition model which is containing animal based food enough and plant based can supply sustainability of health and environment.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine pressure ulcer prevention knowledge and attitudes among nurses who cared for surgical patients that were exposed to pressure ulcer risk factors such as immobilization and nutritional problems.

Materials and Method: This descriptive study was carried out with 150 nurses who were working in the surgical clinics and surgical intensive care units of a medical faculty hospital in XXXX and who had at least one year’s professional experience. Necessary permissions were obtained from the ethics committee and the institution prior to the research. Data were collected with a patient information form, the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge Assessment Instrument (PUPKAI) and the Attitude towards Pressure ulcer Prevention instrument (APuP) between October 1, 2018 and February 1, 2019.  Data were analyzed with the independent-samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the correlation analysis and the multiple regression analysis.

Results: The mean age of the nurses was 29.91±6.48 years, 65.3% were female and half of them had undergraduate degrees. According to the PUPKAI total mean score (<60%), the pressure ulcer prevention knowledge of the nurses was inadequate and only 24% had a knowledge score ≥60%. Regression analysis results showed that, nurses' professional experience duration, working style, number of patients per shift and the experiences of giving care to patients with pressure ulcers were found to have a significant effect on the PUPKAI total mean score (p<0.05). According to the APuP total mean score (≥75%), the nurses had positive attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention. It was also determined that the descriptive characteristics of the nurses did not significantly affect the APuP total mean score (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the total mean scores of the PUPKAI and APuP (p>0.05).

Conclusion: This study revealed that the surgical nurses had positive attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention but they had inadequate knowledge about it. These findings highlight the need for institutional arrangements to ensure that nurses have access to evidence-based knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention.

Breast reconstruction is an essential part of the breast cancer threapy. The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has been widely used for reconstruction of the breast. Partial loss of the flap is still a major problem. The defficiency of flap perfusion may cause partial necrosis of the flap. Periferic vasodilatation may increases flap viability. The aim of this study is evaluation of affect of nebivolol on rat TRAM flap perfusion. Nebivolol is a selective β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist that causes a direct vasodilator effect attributed to the action on vascular nitric oxide (NO). In this study 30 male spraque–dawley rats were used. A pedicled TRAM flap based upon the the right inferior epigastric artery was elevated and reapproximated. Animals were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups (n:6). Group 1 received no nebivolol. Groups 2 through 5 were administered 100 mg/kg nebivolol orally 24 hours preoperatif; in addition groups 2 to 4 received orally postoperatif for 7 days. Group 3 also received intraoperatively; groups 4 and 5 were given nebivolol orally for 7 days before the 24 hours preoperatif treatment. Seven days after surgery skin paddles were photographed and assessed for viability. In seventh day blood lactate levels were measured. Statically significant differences were found in all experimental groups relative to the controls. Group 4 displayed the greatest improvement in flap viability, significantly better than other nebivolol groups. This study indicates that nebivolol may provide a useful pharmacologic tool for reducing iscemia-reletad necrosis in TRAM flaps.

Objective: Feeding gastrostomy is generally needed in the cases of oropharnyngeal dysphagia. The objective of this study is to analyze the use of surgical gastrostomy with mini laparatomy under local anaesthesia in situations where endoscopic procedure is not possible.

Methods: Stamm gastrostomy was performed in 62 patients in whom oral and nasogastric tube feeding could not be given and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy could not be performed.

Results: A mean age of 63.7 years and 83.9% of them were ASA IV. The indications for gastrostomy were tumour obstruction, neuromuscular diseases, paralysis and cerebrovascular bleeding, oesophageal injury, metastatic tumours and hypoxic encephalopathy in 51.6, 17.7, and 16.6, 1.6 and 12.9% respectively. The mean operation duration was 34 ± 12.8 minutes. Procedure-dependent hospital morbidity and mortality were low (% 16.2- % 14.5, respectively).

Conclusion: Stamm gastrostomy with mini laparatomy under local anaesthesia is an effective alternative in situations where percutaneous or endoscopic procedures cannot be done. It can be performed in high-risk patients safely due to its short operation time, low morbidity and mortality.

This study aimed to research dietary quality in adults and to compare using different parameters (body mass index, education statues, gender and age). The cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 421 adults (275 females, 146 males) living in Ankara. Dietary intakes of individuals aging between 20 and 50 years (mean±SD, 32.7±9.096 years) were collected by using 24-hour recall method. Mean adequacy ratio scores calculated by using nutrient adequacy ratio were used for dietary quality assessment. According to mean adequacy ratio scores, 56% of individuals’ dietary nutrient content found to be inadequate. In the study, there was no significant difference in mean adequacy ratio scores according to education, age, body weight; whereas, male mean adequacy ratio scores were higher than female. There is a need for improving diets according to mean adequacy ratio scores assessment in Turkey. Dietary quality can be affected by different variables such as gender, body mass index, age and education statues. Improving dietary quality should be aimed using plan and policies, developed taking into consideration these variables by governments.

The knowledge and attitudes of physicians are important in continuity of the correct applications in breastfeeding and “Baby Friendly Hospital” criteria in the society. Medical education process is a chance to educate future physicians about these issues and should be monitored. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge level of the medical school students about “breastfeeding” and “Baby Friendly Hospital” criteria and applications in different academic years. In this cross sectional study a anonymous questionnaire was applied to medical students who are in first, third and sixth academic years of education in Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical School. After ethical approval 26 item questionnaire consisting socio demographic features and items about breasfeeding and baby freinedly hospital declared by WHO and UNICEF, voluntarily. The data was analyzed via statistics package program. Numbers, percentages, chi-square were used and p value <0.05 accepted as significant. Two hundred and ninety five students who were in 1st (34%), 3rd (35%) and 6th (31%) academic year participated to this study. The percentage of students who could count at least 3 benefits of breastfeeding other than feeding were 8%, 25% and 51% in respect to academic years (p<0.001). The knowledge about the existence of breastfeeding policy in their hospital and “infant friendly city” status of the city they are living in were higher in 6th year students (p<0.001). Knowledge level of correct breast feeding method (p<0.05), knowledge about at least 3 contraindications of breast feeding (p<0.001), and knowledge about the milking methods (by pump and machine) were also significantly higher in 6th year students (p<0.001). In this study it can be observed that the knowledge of students about breastfeeding and infant friendly hospital issues increase by advancing years. The target should be increasing innovations in the education program in order to raise awareness of doctors about this subject during their entire careers. In current situation supporting the theoretical education by practice may contribute to the reflection of breastfeedimg and infant friendly studies to the professional skill.

\r\n 1p36 Deletion Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by a partial deletion in the short arm of chromosome 1. The first reports of cases with microdeletion of chromosome 1p36 were published in 1980s, beginning with a report by Hain et al. The first pure case of 1p36 Deletion Syndrome was identified in the 1987 by Magenis et al. Its incidence is presumed as 1:5000 to 1:10000 and prevalence among men/women is 1/2. Characteristic signs are dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, feeding difficulties, central nervous system anomalies, seizures, microcephaly, intellectual disability, vision problems, sensorineural deafness, congenital heart defects, skeletal and renal anomalies. Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection is an intrauterine disease with persistent effects on the fetus with no specific treatment. Common clinical findings are petechiae, jaundice at birth, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, hypotonia, poor suck, sensorineural hearing loss, vision abnormalities, seizures, developmental cerebral anomalies, intrauterine development delay, prematurity and stillbirth. This case has been reported due to being a unique case having both such a rare disease like 1p36 Deletion Syndrome and a corresponding clinical picture to congenital Cytomegalovirus infection which she has firstly been determined with a positive CMV-DNA level when she was 7 months old.

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Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimal invasive method of enteral nutrition for the patients that the oral intake is not possible. The aim of this study is to determine the results of our PEG insertion procedure performed. We analysed the medical records of 112 patients who had an initial PEG insertion retrospectively in January 2011 and December 2012 at Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine. We inserted 20 F Abboth Flexiflo endoscopic gastrostomy tubes by the “Pull Tecnique” in all cases. No general anesthesia was needed. The records were reviewed with regard to age, gender, indications, interventional complications, the port-site leakage, periportal infection and mortality were examined. PEG was performed to 112 patients comprising 37 females (33%) and 75 (67%) males, ages ranged from 28 to 77 years with a mean age of 53±16,57 years. All patients had neurological defects that impair feeding. Average time of feeding through PEG 180±74,84 (min 10- max 295) days. After PEG, subcutaneous infection was occured at 4 (3.5%) patients, gastrointesinal intolerance was occured at 5 (4.4%) patients, leakage from gastrostomy site was occured at 6 (5.3%) patients. PEG is a simple,safe and effective feeding method for enteral nutritional deficiency in patients.

To determine the distribution and association with demographic variables of breast complaints of women in Early Diagnosis-Scanning and Education Centers (KETEM). Electronically kept data in Konya KETEM was analyzed by omitting personal information via SPSS package software in 2011. Dependent and independent variables were demographic features and breast complaints. Descriptive statistics were used, and logistic regression analysis was performed step by step to define the correlations. Mean age of women applying to KETEM between 2007 and 2010 was 44±12 years, and 92% were of social security. Median age of first menstrual cycle was 13 years, median number of living births was 3, and median total duration of breastfeeding was 36 m. The rates of OKS use, smokers, obesity and vegetative life style were 9%, 7%, 33% and 2%, respectively. The rates of mammography and self-checked breast examination were 32% and 18%, respectively. 44% had any kind of breast complaints, and 8% had a history of experienced breast disease. While the existence of complaints was associated with age, height, number of living births, total breastfeeding duration and type of nutrition, experienced breast disease was related to height and smoking (at least, p

Title : A case of cytomegalovirus infection mimicking total parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis.\r\n\r\nCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infection that passes trough transplacentally in the early infancy period and is the most common infectious cause of the nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss. We know that most of these cases were asymptomatic in the neonatal period. Especially among the extremely low birth weight infants, CMV prevalence is not known. We present a 29 weeks old 460 gr extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant with congenital CMV infection mimicking total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated cholestasis. Usually, when we see the cholestasis in the extremely low birth weight infant feeding with long time TPN, we think that it is associated with TPN. Direct hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis are the common situations in the newborn period. Especially this is considered to be associated with sepsis, TPN, galactosemia, inborn errors of metabolism and other causes. CMV- associated cholestasis should be kept in mind, especially in cases of premature infants with cholestasis and extremely low birth weight infants have been fed for a long time TPN.

This study was aimed to compare the knowledge levels of health education teachers with others in basic health subjects. This crosssectional study was performed in all high schools in Konya city center in 2011. The sample consisted of teachers who taught health education or counseled in health related clubs and same number of teachers of other lessons. Data were obtained by a questionnaire filled by teachers themselves under the supervision of interviewer. First part of the questionnaire was about demographic information while the second consisted of 35 questions evaluating the knowledge about protection, improvement, vaccines, contagion, diet, healthy behavior, adolescent health, first approach to frequently encountered health problems, etc. Overall level of health knowledge was assessed by summing the points for each subject, 2 for known, 1 for partially known and 0 for unknown/blank, and converting them to percentage. T test and variation analysis were used for data analysis. The mean age of 314 teachers participated in the study was 39±8, 55% of them were males, 45% were females and 90% were married. 39% of the participants consisted of health education teachers and guide teachers of health related clubs, 61% were the teachers of other lessons. The average score was higher in health education group (56±16) than the other teachers (43±14). The knowledge score was also higher in female teachers and graduates of health related faculties (biology, physical education, child development). Teaching health education or counseling in a health related club increases the general knowledge level of teachers. In writers’ opinion, improving the knowledge level of teachers in health might help students to acquire positive behaviors about health as the current level is not adequate and significant number of wrong answers was present.

\r\n A decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness can be secondary to glaucoma, several neurologic diseases, optic nerve diseases other than glaucoma, retinal diseases, toxic, nutritional or vascular causes such as shock optic neuropathy. Glaucoma, which is among the commonest causes of blindness worldwide, is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by a decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness secondary to retinal ganglion cell death, cupping of optic nerve head and visual field loss. Although the best known risk factor associated with glaucoma is high intraocular pressure, it is thought that systemic vascular disorders, which are among the risk factors of glaucoma, play role especially in the pathogenesis of normotensive glaucoma where intraocular pressure is low. In our study, we described a patient with decreased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and thought normotensive glaucoma as the most probable diagnosis, who also had multiple systemic vascular diseases. 

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 Today an increasing prevalence of obesity, which is one of major health problems is associated with many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, asthma obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Therefore, treatment of obesity contribute to  prevention of many chronic diseases risk. Recent years, it has started to consider on effects on the gastrointestinal system in treatment of obesity as well as adequate and balanced diet, increasing  physical activity and lifestyle changes. Especially it was seen that gut microbiota has been associated with obesity. Many studies showed that gut microbiota may be vary with eating habits and obesity. It is discussed changed microbiota might be associated with obesity and many obesity-related diseases. It is thought that long term-controlled studies in this area   will create a new approach to the treatment of obesity and come into prominence in the fight against obesity. In this review,it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between body weight and the gut microbiota.
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