Makale Arama

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the perioperative and postoperative follow-up results of patients operated for a parotid mass.

Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients who were operated between 2000 and 2011, were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 48,6. On the basis of post-operative histopathologic assessement, 61 of the cases were found to be primary benign, 3 of the cases  primary malignant and 2 of the cases secondary malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common in primary benign tumors group with 29 cases, Warthin tumors were in the second place with 14 cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and expleomorphic adenoma were observed as primary malignant tumors. Both of the seconder malignant tumors were metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Sensitivity and specifity of the preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy in the benign-malignant differentiation were found as 60 % and 96 %, respectively. Superfacial parotidectomy, total parotidectomy and radical parotidectomy were used as surgical procedures. In addition to this procedure, neck dissection was performed in several cases. The most frequent complication was temporary facial nerve paresis.

Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration biopsy is an effective diagnostic procedure for the benign-malignant differentiation of the parotid tumors. Superfacial parotidectomy is an adequate and efficient surgical procedure for the benign parotid tumors and complication risk is considerably low when applied carefully. For malignant tumors, superfacial, total or radical parotidectomy should be performed and when necessary, neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy should be added to the treatment.

Cancer is a serious genetic disease caused by a series of disorders in the genome. Development of hightroughput sequencing approaches as well as the publication of large-scale projects have enabled the identification of several non-coding RNA molecules that are differentially expressed in various types of cancer. It has been reported that ncRNA transcripts such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in the development and progression of cancer and can be used in the diagnosis/treatment of cancer. In particular, miRNAs are small RNA molecules which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in the important hallmark capabilities of cancers such as metastasis, invasion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Similarly, lncRNAs have also been identified as RNA transcripts that have important roles in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of cancer. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, functional ncRNA molecules without protein coding capacity such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and T-UCRs and the hallmarks of cancer were discussed together with a current perspective. 

ABSTRACT

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and the fourth leading cancer among women. Our aim is to share the surgical treatment and results of endometrial cancer cases in our gynecological oncology clinic.

Material and Methods: In this study, the records of 164 endometrial cancer patients operated by the same surgical team between 2009-2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical, surgical and histopathological features of the patients are presented here. Four patients who had sarcoma as a result of pathology, 7 patients who underwent complementary surgery and 1 patient with a second primary tumor were not included in the study.

Results: The mean age of the patients included in our study was 61.3 and the mean body mass index was 25.8. According to the postoperative pathology results; mean tumor size was 3.4 cm and mean number of collected lymph nodes was 28.8. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 19 patients and all of the metastases were in pelvic lymph nodes. Endometrioid type adenocarcinoma was seen in 81% of the patients. Myometrial invasion > 50% in 81 patients (49.4%). Twenty patients (12.2%) had cervical involvement, 11 patients (6.7%) had adnexal involvement and 28 patients (17.1%) had lymphovascular area invasion. 76 patients (46.3%) were grade 1, 61 patients (37.2%) were grade 2, 19 patients (11.6%) were grade 3. When the patients were staging according to the FIGO system in 2009, 70 (42.7%) stage 1A, 58 (35.4%) stage 1B, 12 (7.3%) stage 2, 3 (1.8%) stage 3A 17 patients (10.4%) were stage 3C1 and 4 patients (2.4%) were stage 4.

Conclusion: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, and it is usually diagnosed at an early stage as a result of early signs. Tumor size, depth of myometrial invasion and histopathologic grade are used to evaluate the risk of the disease, but studies with a higher number of high stage patients will be more useful in determining the risk.

Aim: It was aimed to investigate  the relationship of disease clinical stage between the maximum diameter of primer lesion (LEGÇ), maximum of standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean of standardized uptake value (SUVmean), tumor volüme (TV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values derived from positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images.

Method: The information of 130 lung cancer patients diagnosed histopathologically between 01.01.2012 and 31.12.2014 in Necmettin Erbakan University Nuclear Medicine Department of Meram Medical Faculty scanned for PET-CT for lung cancer diagnosis and staging,  were included in this study. The values of the maximum diameter of primer lesion, SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG and MTV derived from PET-CT scanning and their histopathological subtypes, other clinical and radyological information of patients were noted. The non-small cell lung cancer patients were graded according to tumor diameter, nodal and involvement metastasis (TNM) staging system using clinical information, PET-CT and other radyological test results if any. On the other hand, the small cell carcinoma diagnosed were categorised as limited or extensive stage.

Findings: In this study, the mean age of 118 men and 12 women,  totally 130 patients, was evaluated  63,46 ±9,96 ( range 40-87 age ). The patients were classified as 106 non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC) (81.5%) ve 24 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (18.5%).  The  histopathologically diagnosed NSCLC patients were consists of  62 squamous cell cancers, 39 adeno cancers, and 5  other types (3 carcinoid tumors, 1 large cell cancer and 1 sarcomatoid tumor). 

Results: In our study, it was observed that there was no significant relationship between the maximum diameter of the lesion, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG values among SCLC and NSCLC patients. Additionally, it was also found that there was no correlation between these parameters and the SCLC stage.  The maximum diameter of the lesion, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG parameters were related with stage.

Conclusion: Higher SUVmax, SUVmean, TV, and TLG values of the primary tumor were determined to predict the more advanced clinical stage in NSCLC. This relationship between metabolic parameters and the clinical stage suggest that PET / CT may be valuable in terms of providing prognostic information in NSCLC.

Aim: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with an aggressive course and short survival. Conventional chemotherapy (CT) is the mainstay of SCLC treatment. However, the majority of information on chemotherapy (CT), as well as information on demographic data of patients, is based on studies from several decades ago. In this study, we aimed to determine the current demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCLC and to determine their responses to the treatments.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study. Definitions of survival were overall survival (TOS) and survival after metastasis (MOS). TOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis to the date of death or last visit. MOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis of metastasis to the date of death or last visit.

Results: The data of 161 patients were analyzed. Response rates obtained with 1st line CT, 2nd line CT, and 3rd line CT were 72.2%, 43.3%, and 40.4%, respectively. The median TOS and median MOS were calculated as 15.7 months (0.03-106.97) and 13.79 months (0.03-79.54), respectively. Although they were metastatic, ten patients had never received first-line CT, and the median MOS was 1.88 months and 14.62 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Twenty-one (18.9%) of the 111 patients who needed second-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was 8.39 months and 18.45 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Eighteen of the 65 patients (27.7%) who required the third-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was found to be 15.36 months and 23.86 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. The presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters affecting the median TOS. And, poor performance status and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters parameters affecting the median MOS.

Conclusions: In this study, it was confirmed that early diagnosis of SCLC was associated with a survival advantage. It was shown that the patients who received and were able to tolerate the treatment had obtained a survival advantage, regardless of the disease phase.

Impression cytology (IC), using cellulose acetate filter papers is a simple, noninvasive technique that aids in the diagnosis of several disorders of the ocular surface.These disorders include ocular surface squamous neoplasia, dry eye syndrome, limbal stem-cell deficiency, specific viral infections, vitamin A deficiency, allergic disorders, conjunctival melanosis, and malignant melanoma. IC has been used increasingly to assist in diagnosis of ocular surface disease, improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of ocular surface disease, and provide biomarkers to be used as outcome measures in clinical trials.

Objective: Most of the renal neoplasms are the epithelial and malign ones. The renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is the most frequently seen malign renal tumor, consists of 2-4% of all the malign tumors seen among adult individuals and 80-90% of all the malign renal tumors. RCCs peak at sixties and seventies and its prevalence among males is two folds of its prevalence among females. RCCs have bad prognosis. The recurrence is seen in 40% of the cases, and the metastasis despite the early diagnosis was detected in 50% of cases. In present study, it was aimed to distribution of renal tumors in our hospital, discuss the prognostic factors such as the, pathological stage, nuclear grade and tumor diameter accompanied by literature information.

Patients and Method: By retrospectively scanning the records of Pathology Department of Medical Faculty, Fırat University, for the period between 1988 and 2009, 140 renal tumor cases were determined and the previous diagnoses, histological degrees, pathological stages of these cases were evaluated and the final diagnoses were taken as base in the present study. In pathologically staging (pT) of RCCs, TNM classification was used, whereas Fuhrman nuclear grading (FNG) was used in nuclear grading procedure. The patients were divided into different groups based on their genders and ages. The statistical analyses were performed in SPSS-12.0 software by using Chi-Square and Correlation tests.

Results: When compared to the literature in terms of the mean age, the present study involves relatively young population (mean age 57), and the majority was male (male/ female:1.1). The distributions of renal tumours, malign and benign subtypes, and RCC subtypes show similarities with the general literature. When examining the RCCs statistically, no significant relationship was found between diagnosis and age, and between nuclear grade and tumor diameter (p>0.05). In the present study, the RCCs with largest diameter were papillary type (9,78cm) ones, whereas the RCCs with lowest diameter values were classic type. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the benign, borderline and malign tumor diagnoses and diameters (p= 0.023). It was determined that approximately one-four of RCC cases were in highly pathological stage (21,6%, pT3a-3b). A direct proportional and statistically significant relationship was found between nuclear grade and diameter (p=0,002).

Conclusion: RCCs have poor prognosis and their frequency is increasing. Pathological stage, nuclear grade and diameter are the leading factors affecting the prognosis. As in our study, in retrospective studies involving old ages and not enough sampling, tumor diameter may be used as an alternative prognostic factor for pathological staging in tumors with a stage above pT2.

\r\n Objective: Early diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) is the most important factor affecting prognosis and most patients have a good prognosis. Some patients defined as high-risk group have high rates of regional recurrence and distant metastasis, and follow an aggressive course. In addition, recently numerous studies have being performed for determining the importance of sentinel lymph node sampling, and sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity has been associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to determine prognostic importance of SLN outcomes in patients with high-risk patients diagnosed with CSCC.

\r\n Patients & Methods: A total of 29 patients who underwent excisional operation in various body regions with the diagnosis of CSCC between 2009 and 2017, with available complete clinical and pathologic data were included in the study. At least 9-month clinical follow-up results, high risk factors and sentinel lymph node biopsy outcomes of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Patients with at least one of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria were considered as high-risk group.

\r\n Results: Twenty-five of the 29 CSCC patients were in the high-risk group. SLN positivity rate was 12% (n: 3/25) in the high-risk CSCC patients, all patients in the low-risk group had negative SLNs. All patients with SLN positive underwent local complementary lymphadenectomy, and all of these patients were re-operated due to recurrence. The rate of recurrence was found as 100% (n= 3/3) in high-risk CSCC patients with positive SLN, and 18% (n= 4/22) in high-risk CSCC patients with negative SLN. High recurrence rates (41.6%) and SLN positivity were observed in patients with hand-foot localizations.

\r\n Conclusion: High rates of local recurrence may be seen during progression of the disease in SLN positive patients. Hand-foot localization of CSCCs can be considered as a high risk factor regardless of a tumor diameter should be above 0.6 cm.

Bezoars are concretions in the gastrointestinal tract that increase in size by continuous accumulation of non-absorbable food or fibers. Most bezoars in children are trichobezoars from swallowed hair from the dolls or brushers. Trichobezoars typically cause abdominal pain and nausia, but can also present as an asymptomatic abdominal mass, progressing to intestinal obstruction and perforation. It is predominantly found in emotionally disturbed or mentally retarded youngers. We report a case of an unusual giant trichobezoar in 8-year-old girl. It was not extracted endoscopically, because it was huge and passed into the duodenum. Attempts at dissolving the bezoar with enzymes (papain) or meat tenderizers have not been efficacious. The abdomen was explored through a supraumblical median incision, an approximately 15X3 cm trichobezoar in diameter was identified in 50 cm distance from ileocecal segment, and was removed. In addition, ischemic and rupture 10 cm jejunal segment was repaired. These two rupture segments were repaired using Heineke Mikulicz procedure.

\r\n Brown tumors are benign, but locally aggressive tumors that may emerge as a rare complication of prolonged hyperparathyroidism. They may be clinically and radiologically confused with bone metastases. Browns tumors show increased metabolic activity on F-18 FDG-PET/CT just as metastatic bone lesions. In this study, we present a patient who underwent PET/CT to seek a primary focus with the presumed diagnosis of  multiple bone metastasis, and Brown tumor was suspected because no primary focus was detected on imaging and increased FDG enhancement was seen in parathyroid locations, and the diagnosis was confirmed with further investigations. Herein, we aimed to underline that Brown tumors should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis in patients who are clinically and radiologically considered to have bone metastasis.