To evaluate the five year survival outcomes of breast cancer patients treated at our department and to assess the prognostic factors that affect survival parameters. All patients underwent our department’s routine procedure for breast cancer. All patients received RT to the breast or chest wall using 3D conformal technique with 2 Gy fraction doses, five days a week with two opposite tangential fields. If necessary, ipsilateral supraclavicular fossa field was added to the treatment field. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was primarily used, patients with estrogen receptor- positive disease received hormonal therapy and patients with Her-2 receptor-positive disease received trastuzumab. The primary end points of this study were to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) of the patients. The secondary end points of this study were to assess the prognostic factors that affect the survival outcomes. Statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS Statistic program version 13. Between 11.02.2010 and 01.05.2016, 559 patients with breast cancer who had been irradiated postoperatively were included in this retrospective study. 2 and 5 year OS rates were 97% and 84%; 2 and 5 year DFS rates were 97% and 71%, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, ≥70 year, to have triple (-) hormonal status, to have T3-4 disease, to have N2-3 nodal stage and to have locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis were the independent prognostic factors that affect OS. Also, to have N2-3 nodal stage and to have triple (-) hormonal status were independent prognostic factors that affect DFS. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Its incidence has been increasing but mortality has been decreasing in the last 10-15 years. In the light of current treatment modalities, to know the prognostic factors that affect survival outcomes is very important for both choosing the most appropriate treatment modality and the prediciton of treatment response.

Lung cancer is the most common among cause of cancer deaths in worldwide. NSCLC represent between 80% to 85% of all the diagnosed lung cancers cases. Systemic chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC has limited impact on overall survival. Patients eligible for chemotherapy should be selected carefully. The aim of this study analyzed prognostic factors for survival in NSCLC patients. We retrospectively reviewed 741 NSCLC patients between 2000 and 2012. Ten potential prognostic variables were chosen for analysis in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with survival. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to determine prognostic factors. Among the 10 variables of univariate analysis, three variables were identified to have prognostic significance: performans status (PS), diabetes mellitus (DM) and stage. Multivariate analysis included the 3 prognostic significance factors in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model showed that PS was considered independent prognostic factors for survival, as were DM and stage. In conclusion, PS, DM and stage were identified as important prognostic factors in NSCLC patients. These findings may also facilitate pretreatment prediction of survival and can be used for selecting patients for treatment.

Today, age of childbearing women is increasing because of social and economic conditions. Although gynecological cancers are seen in old age, some of them may occur in reproductive age. With recent advances in the fields of surgery, pathology and chemotherapy, low risk patient group can be identified in gynecological cancers. Fertility sparing surgery appears as a parallel development in current cancer treatment, when considering the emotional condition, physical appearance, sexual function and fertility desire of the patient.

Aim: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with an aggressive course and short survival. Conventional chemotherapy (CT) is the mainstay of SCLC treatment. However, the majority of information on chemotherapy (CT), as well as information on demographic data of patients, is based on studies from several decades ago. In this study, we aimed to determine the current demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCLC and to determine their responses to the treatments.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study. Definitions of survival were overall survival (TOS) and survival after metastasis (MOS). TOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis to the date of death or last visit. MOS was calculated as the time from the diagnosis of metastasis to the date of death or last visit.

Results: The data of 161 patients were analyzed. Response rates obtained with 1st line CT, 2nd line CT, and 3rd line CT were 72.2%, 43.3%, and 40.4%, respectively. The median TOS and median MOS were calculated as 15.7 months (0.03-106.97) and 13.79 months (0.03-79.54), respectively. Although they were metastatic, ten patients had never received first-line CT, and the median MOS was 1.88 months and 14.62 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Twenty-one (18.9%) of the 111 patients who needed second-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was 8.39 months and 18.45 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. Eighteen of the 65 patients (27.7%) who required the third-line treatment did not receive CT, and the median MOS was found to be 15.36 months and 23.86 months, respectively, in those who did not receive CT and received CT. The presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters affecting the median TOS. And, poor performance status and refusal of treatment were statistically significant parameters parameters affecting the median MOS.

Conclusions: In this study, it was confirmed that early diagnosis of SCLC was associated with a survival advantage. It was shown that the patients who received and were able to tolerate the treatment had obtained a survival advantage, regardless of the disease phase.

The metastatic ovarian tumors constitute 3 to 8% of all and 10 to 30% of malignant ovarian tumors. The common primary sites for metastatic disease to the ovaries include the colon stomach, breast and the genitoürinary tract. Hematolojic malignancies, including lymhoma and leukemia, also involve the ovaries. Clinical history, tumor markers, tumor morphological-histological features and imaging features are useful to distinguish secondary ovarian tumors from primary ovarian tumors. Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful information for characterization of various ovarian benign or malign masses. The use of MRI for diagnosis of ovarian masses includes consideration of morphologic characteristics and signal intensity characteristics on T1 and T2-weighted images. It is important to determine the ovarian metastasis due to change the method of treatment. İn this case we present MRI an ultrasound findings of bilateral ovarian metastasis of lobular breast cancer.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (İTP) is the most common seen acquired bleeding disorder of childhood. İt has a benign course. Nevertheless, it has a great importance because of an organ bleeding risk and possibility of an existance of underlying serious disease and chronicity. İn our study we investigated retrospectively 86 patients diagnosed as İTP. Peak ages of the cases vvere 5 and 13 years. Except the intracranial bleeding, almost every type of bleeding vvere seen. We prefered corticosteroids for the first choice of treatment. 73 patients received high dose methylprednisolone for the treatment. 41 ofthem (47.6%) recovered totally. Immediate increase in the thrombocyte count after the corticosteroid therapy was observed in 79% of the patients. Chronicity rate was as high as 41.8% and the ages of this group vvere similar to that of the peek incidence ages. None of the patients died. Four patients, resistant to medical treatment went to splenectomy. Hovvever, the increase of thrombocyte count was permanent in only one case. One of the patients diagnosed as İTP was accepted as systemic lupus erythematosus three months later and one as Hodgkin lymphoma three years later. Patients with İTP should be monitered closely because of the bleeding risk and should be detected seriously because of an underlying disease risk and should be alert against the malignity or autoimmune disease at the chronic stage or after the remission phase.

Skeletal muscle metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event and the optimal treatment strategy is still unknown. Herein we report a case with biceps metastasis from NSCLC. A 50-year-old man with a distant biceps metastasis due to NSCLC is presented. One month after chemo-radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy the patient was readmitted with a painful mass located on the right biceps brachii muscle. A biopsy of the painful mass disclosed the muscle metastasis pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy was planned. At the end of the palliative radiotherapy his pain was disappeared. Two months later (18 months after the diagnosis) the patient died of respiratory failure. Palliative radiotherapy may be a good treatment option for patient with muscle metastasis from NSCLC.

/Ve observed patients with Herpes Zoster for the malignant diseases who came to dermatology elinle in the last five years. Of the 213 patients, in 12 ( % 5.68) we found malignant diseases such as pulmonary, hepatic, ovary, bladder cancers, squamous celi carcinoma, chronic lymphositic leukemia and non- hodgkin lymphoma. We suggest that, patients with Herpes Zoster must be searehed for malignant diseases, but it doesn ’ t mean that Herpes Zoster is a cancer marker.

Mantle cell lymphoma represents 3-10% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It is mostly a disease of the elderly and shows a male predominance. Patients with mantle cell lymphoma usually present with advanced stage. Extranodal involvements are common finding. In this paper, we presented a case of an 62 year old male admitting to hospital only right knee pain and swelling who had aggressive mantle cell lymphoma with unusual extranodal involvements.

Florid reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of uterine cervix is a reactive inflammatory process that mainly occurs in women during their reproductive years. These lesions are histologically similar to lymphoma. Etiology of these lesions are multifactorial but in many cases the cause has not been identified. A 49-year-old female patient admitted to another center with menstrual irregularity and pelvic pain complaints. A cervical biopsy was performed in that examination and the biopsy findings were compatible with cervix carcinoma. The patient referred to our hospital and computerized tomography(CT) was performed. At CT imaging cervix was hypodense and there was an enlargement in cervical volume. There were no specific findings in patient’s endometrial curettage, endocervical curettage and vaginal smear preparations. After the current findings and complaints of the patient, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilaterally Salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Cervix was enlarged and it was in irregular appearance in the macroscopic examination. A subserosal located myoma in 1,8 cm diameter was detected. In the histopathological examination, erosion of cervical epithelium and dense lymphoid cell infiltration was observed under the epithelium. The appearance was similar to lymphoma, but immunohistochemical staining of CD3 and CD20 staining was heterogeneous in lymphoid cells. As a result of these findings, the case was reported as lymphoma-like lesion. Florid reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of cervix uteri are reactive lesions. Careful clinical, histologic and immunphenotypic correlations are required to avoid misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemical receptor studies are the most reliable diagnosis and management method of these cases.

Although it remains relatively stable childhood cancer rates in the last two years, thanks to advances in early diagnosis and treatment there has been a serious decline in the mortality rate. Despite all these developments, it still experienced today that children diagnosed with cancer 75% more than they can not survive more than five years. Before cancer treatment, oral and dental health problems may impair during and after the child’s health and quality of life. Therefore, pediatric dentists, the provision of oral hygiene and dental treatment needs of these patients have a very important place.

Background: Electromagnetlc fields (EME) are the most important environment problems that effect the public health in our century. Increasing incidence of coronary heart disease, leukemia, lymphoma, and Alzheimer in the patients who are effected from magnetic fields, are revealing that these sources can not be used unlimitedly. İn this study, we would like to investigate the effect of hairdryer on the rats. Materials and methods: İn this study, 200-250 gr weighted 29 male rats vvere used. 15 of them were control group, and 14 vvere faced with EMF. A BKK 1161 SK hairdryer was used as the magnetic field source. This machine had 600 VVatt (W) power, 220 V - 50 Hz resistance, and a mean magnetic field counted 100-150 mG. The distance betvveen the subjects and the machine was 20-25 cm. EMF was performed on them for 3 days of each week, and 5 minutes of each day, and it was lasted after 3 months with a total period of 205 minutes. At the end the malondialdehid (MDA) levels in the subjects sera vvere calculated, and they vvere sacrificed and their cerebrum, thymus, lungs, heart and great vessels, liver, kidneys, and spleen vvere taken to histopathologic examination under light microscope. Results: İt was obviously observed that the EMF in 50 Hz freguency increases the mononuclear celi infiltration in the viscera; especially, it was estimated that EMF causes alveolar destruction in the lungs, tubuler degeneration in the kidneys, glial proliferation in the cerebrum, fibrosis in the liver, and adventitial mononuclear celi infiltration in the great vessels in 3 months, vvhich is thought to be a very short period. Statistically, the subendothelial dissection in the great vessels was not found significant, hovvever, this was thought to be an important finding. The serum MDA levels of EMF group vvas increased, but statistically, this was not significant. Conclusion: We concluded that EMF causes an increase in the production of free oxygene radicals, and in the late-term this results with various diseases including cancers and atherosclerotic dişe ases.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between hematologic diseases and SARS-CoV-2
infection in patients who have been been diagnosed with a hemat ologic disease after COVID-19 infection.
Patients and Methods: The ones who had a previously history of COVID-19 infection among the patients
diagnosed with any malign or autoimmune hematologic disease were evaluated between April 1, 2020 – April
1, 2021, retrospectively. The Patients who had the COVID-19 infection and the patients who had not were
compared.
Results: Twenty-four (7.8%) patients of 305 newly diagnosed who had a previously history of COVID-19
infection were determined. The most common diagnosis was non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in both of the groups.
Although it was not statistically significant, frequency of NHL and aggressive NHL were most common in
the patients with history of COVID-19 (25.1% vs 23.1%; p=0.143 and 66.6% vs 56.9%, p=0.094). The basic
hematologic parameters were similar between the two groups. The median time between COVID-19 infection
and the hematologic diagnosis was 4.1 (0.6-11.8) month; the minimum duration was in the patient with
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and the maximum was the one with Multiple Myeloma. The median time
up until the diagnosis was longer in the malign group (4.5 vs 2.5 months; p=0.070).
Conclusions: As a result of the study, it has been emphasized that COVID-19 may have an etiological factor
for malign and hematologic diseases with autoimmune pathogenesi s.

We aimed to present a rare case with giant ovarian tumor which causes intraabdominal mass in a 14-year-old girl. On examination, there were abdominal distension and a palpable solid mass in abdomen. On abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) examination, a giant mass, which covers all intraabdominal cavity, was identified in the abdomen. Laparatomy was carried out in elective conditions after all tests had been performed. The mass originated from left ovary was excised totally via left salpingoooferectomy, following both ovaries and both tuba uterinas. The operative diagnosis of dysgerminoma was confirmed with histopathologic examination. Chemotherapy was scheduled by Hematology-Oncology Department. Dysgerminoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the girls who are admitted with the intraabdominal giant masses.

In the rnicroscopic examination of 14 431 sputun, 3 287 samples was found positively for diagnosis of tüberculosis between 1985-1988 years. The samples was seen be positive semears was positive culture in 1 579 of 1 799 which rs wanted to culture. In 1988 positive srnears was found 15% whereas 26% in 1985 year. In comparison of results, the ratio of mieroscopy-positive culture negative (M+C-) was 13%, Microscopy-negative culture positive (M-C+) was 34%. Some causes of results was discused especially. with alsa chernotheropy,

We were reported a case of Pott's disease with bilateral pleural effusion in a 67-year- old male patient. The primary çare physician commenced anti-microbial therapy by considering the non-specific pleuritis. hovvever, four months after his first complatins, Progressive back pain and weakness of lower limbs was occured. By further examination, we diagnosed an active tuberculous spondylitis of the 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae. Operative intervention was undertaken because of neurological findings. VVe also started anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. A proper clinical and redaiological response to chemoterapy and surgery was observed at the last follow-up.

\r\n Gastric cancer is among the common cancers and chemotherapy is among the treatment plan. Chemotherapy affects many systems, it is important for the individual and her environment to adapt to this process. In order to improve this adaptation, the nursing care process given to the patient with gastric cancer who was receiving the first chemotherapy treatment according to the Roy Adaptation Model was described. According to the data obtained by the permission of the patient,  impaired physical mobility, anxiety, deficient knowledge about chemotherapy treatment process, defensive coping, readiness for enhanced family coping, nursing diagnoses were made and appropriate nursing interventions were applied. The model is thought to be available to patients receiving chemotherapy treatment.

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This study included 102 leukemic and lympho,rıa patients tit ho were ıreated in Internal Medicine pediatric Clinic of Selçuk University Medical Faculty and Ilematology Clinic of İbn-İ Sina Hospital of Ankara University. CMV-IgM and 1gG antibodies were investigated with the enzyrne-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA) rnethod on the blood saınples, The serologic examinations were made in Alicrobiology ELİSA taboratory of Selçuk University Medical Faculty. The finding.s- in 69 leukernic and 33 iyınphoma patients compared tere control group. CA1V-IgM seropositivity was found in 7 lebtkernic palienis (10.15%) and 1 lyınphoırıa patienı (3,03%). CMV-1gG seropositivity waz found in 35 leukeınic patients (50,72%) and 13 lymphoına patients (39,39%). CMV-IgM sero-positivily of control group was found in 1 patient (2';;> and CMV-1gC sepropositivity was found in 25 patients (50%, seropositivity wa? Pyr,nd in 2 paıienis (6.25[70) and CMV-IgG in 13 pa-tients (40.63%) 'vere not (reale(' with cyto(atic ::-1ceıno0;crapy. scropositivily was

Extensive surgical excision, free skin graft and regio•al lymphadeno-idectomy for therapeutic or prophylactic reasons were performed in fifteen malign skin melanoma cases. They were kept under postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherayp afterwards and various aspects of melanomas were examined.

Aim: Radiotherapy plays a significant role in the management of head and neck cancers. However, mucositis and xerostomia are the most common side effects in curative treatment. The aim of this prospective, randomized study is to compare the efficacy of zinc sulphate and amifostine in preventation of radiation induced salivary gland damage in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients using quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy (QSGS). Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with HNC who had received radio±chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either zinc sulfate or amifostine. All the patients were once a week during RT for oral mucositis using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring criteria, and measurement of body weight. Before and 2 months after treatment, salivary gland scintigraphy was performed. Using the time–activity curves, changes in the maximum uptake (UR) and relative saliva excretion rate (ER) between pre- and post- treatment were calculated. The measurements were statistically compared using paired Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The protective effect of zinc sulphate on the salivary glands was similar to amifostine and there were no statistically significant difference in UR, ER results at QSGS, oral mucositis or weight loss between the two groups. Conclusion: The effectiveness of both support therapy was compared and there was no significant difference in efficacy. However, because of the cost difference, the use of the zinc sulphate can be an alternative to amifostine for prevention of xerostomia, oral mucositis and other toxic effects. Further studies with more patients and follow-up are suggested in this regard.

Evaluation of Turkish cases reported as Kikuchi lymphadenitis, together with an additional case report. Excisional lymph node biopsy is performed on a 26 years old female patient, who is admitted to the hospital with complaints of a palpable mass at axilla and fever. Pathological examination revealed multiple foci of necrosis with sharp, irregular borders. Dense histiocytic proliferation without presence of neutrophil leukocytes is seen in these foci. Clinical and morphological findings of this case are found to be concordant with Kikuchi’s lymhadenitis. As a rare type of lymphadenitis, Kikuchi’s disease has a special importance due to its inclusion in differential diagnosis of lymphoma. Since it is uncommon to be counted in clinical pre-diagnosis, it must be absolutely taken into consideration in pathological evaluation. Together with this case report, mean age of totally 31 cases from Turkey is 31. Female to male ratio of these cases is 1.45. The most common clinical findings are palpable mass and fever. Masses may be painful or painless, as if fever may be subfebrile. Most common location is cervical region and the second common location is axillary region. As laboratory findings, ESR, CRP and LDH levels are increased and leukopenia is found. This pathology must be included especially in differential diagnoses of cases with clinical pre-diagnoses of lymphoma and fever of unknown origin.

This study included 102 leukemic and lymphoma patients who were treated in internal Medicine Clinic, pediatric Clinic of Selçuk University and Ileınatolog,y Clinic of İbn-i sina Hospital of Ankara University. toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies were investigated with the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISI%) ınethod on the blood saınples. The serologic examination was made in Micro-biology ELISA laboratory of Selçuk University. The findings in 69 leukemic and 33 lymphorna pa-tients cornpared with the control group. toxoplasma IgM seropositivity was found in 3 leukemic patients (4.35%) and 2 lyrrıphorna patients (6.06%). Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity was found in 34 leukeınic patients (49.28%) and 14 lyrrıphorna patients (42.42%). Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity of control group was found in 24 patients (46%). Alt control pers-ons were seronegative for toxoplasma IgM antibody. Toxoplasına 1gM seropositiVity was found in 1 patients (3.13%) and IgG in 14 pa-tients (43.75%) who were not treated with cylostatie chemodıerapy, toxoplasma IgM seropositivity was found in 4 patients (5.71%) and IgG in 34 patients (48.57%) in the patients who were treated

At times, pleural fluid is milky or turbid. When the milkiness or turbidity persists after cetrifugation it is almost always due to high lipid content of the pleural. High levels of lipid accumulate in the pleural fluid in two situations: Chylous and chyliform pleural effusions. It is important to differentiate these two conditions because the prognosis and management are completely different. The most common causes of the nontraumatic chylothorax are malignancies. We report a 60 year old female patient diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s Iymphoma with huge mediastinal Iymphadenopathies and bilateral chylothorax. We treated her with chemoterapy.

Abstract

Aim: Since clinical and prognostic heterogeneity is observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (‎DLBCL) patients, it is vital to determine its prognostic and predictive factors. The frequency of these factors varies geographically and ethnically. We aimed to reevaluate and discuss the prognostic and predictive ‎factors of DLBCL patients who have been treated with R-CHOP in our ‎center based on the WHO 2017 revised 4^th edition.‎ We also investigated the incidence of EBV in DLBCL-NOS.

Patients and Methods: Patients with DLBCL-NOS diagnosed previously in our hospital between 2007-2017 and treated with ‎R-CHOP were included in the study. We evaluated the expressions of CD10, CD5, CD30, BCL-2, BCL-6, MUM-1, MYC, LMP-1, EBNA-2, Ki-67, and p53, by immunohistochemistry, and EBV encoded RNA by in situ hybridization in 104 cases of DLBCL-NOS. The Revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) score and the overall survival time ‎was ‎calculated.

Results: The study included 56 men (53.8%) and 48 women (46.2%). The median age was 64.5 years. In 59.6% of the patients, the disease had a nodal beginning, whereas in 40.4% of the patients it had an ‎extranodal presentation. High ‎stage (III-IV) was present in 26.5% of the GCB subtype and 43.6% of non-GCB subtype (p=0.049). A high ‎R-IPI score was observed in 40% of GCB subtype and 54.5% of non-GCB subtype (p=0.028). Survival was significantly lower in the non-GCB subtype (log-rank test p=0.003).‎ The EBV frequency was about 3% as it is reported in Western populations. The frequency of DEL status was 8.7%, indicating that it was associated with inferior survival (p=0.045). De novo CD5⁺ DLBCL ratio as 13% and it was also associated with inferior survival (p=0.013).  We also found CD30⁺ DLBCL ratio as 11.5%, but we could not establish a significant relationship with prognosis.

Conclusion: DLBCL-NOS requires detailed subtyping and elaboration of prognostic factors. ‎The frequency of DEL status and De novo CD5⁺ DLBCL indicated that it was associated with inferior survival. However, we could not establish ‎a meaningful relationship of CD30⁺ DLBCL with prognosis.‎ Three EBV positive cases were identified and two of them were classified as ‘EBV positive large B cell lymphoma’ according to the WHO 2017 revised 4^th edition.

Keywords: Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma; Prognostic Factors; Survival

Aim: We aimed to search the effects of erythropoietin on anastamoses recovery in the rats to which rchemotherapy was applied and intestine anastomos was made. Material and Method: The study was carried out at Selcuk University Experimental Research Center (SUDAM). The rats were divided into 4 groups including 10 subjects. The subjects in all groups were weighed before the surgical operation and laparotomy was made with middle line cutting. Nothing but standard feeding was made to the subjects in the 1st group after making sigmoid colon anastomoses. Subcutan erythropoietin injection was administered to the 2nd group after colon anastomoses. The 3rd group was injected intraperitoneal 5- fluorouracil after colon anastomoses was made. The 4th group was made intraperitoneal 5- fluorouracil after colon anastomoses, and subcutan erythropoietin injection was administered.On the 7th day following the anastomoses, the rats were weighed and they were sacrificed. Anastomoses bursting pressure among the groups, hydroxyproline level in the samples taken from anastomoses line and collagen and rich bind tissue formation from the fibroblast histopathologically, the rise angiogenesis, intensity in inflammation and the existence of necrosis were evaluated. Results: In the rats to which erythropoietin was applied, the bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher than those of the control group statistically. During the histopathological examination, it was seen that rich bind tissue formation from angiogenesis and collagen in the erythropoietin group rose while there was a significant reduction in the formation of inflammation and necrosis. These positive effects of erythropoietin was also established in the rats to which 5- fluorouracil was applied. Conclusion: In the rats to which colo-colic anastomoses was made, it was considered that erythropoietin inflammation had positive effects on angiogenesis with its influences on proliferation and restructuring. The same positive effects were observed in the rats which used 5-fluorouracil. Thus, it can be expected that erythropoietin can reduce the risk of anastomoses escape after colo-colic anastomoses and in conditions such as chemoteraphy, which negatively affects the recovery of anastomoses.

We evaluated 391 (267 male, 124 female) tuberculosis patients received chemotherapy in the Department of Pul- monary Diseases betvveen 1992 and 1995. For this purpose, we investigated hospital and dispanseries fileş of these patients. İn 323 (80.0 %) cases, definite bacteriologic or pathologic diagnosis of tuberculosis vvere made. Asidoresistant bacilli vvere positive in 246 (81.7 %) of pulmonary tuberculosis cases who had the microbiological evaluation of sputum and 128 (42.5 %) cases had positive culture. Drug susceptibility tests vvere made in 122 cases, 82 (67.2 %) of these cases had at least resistance to on e of the drugs. Primer and seconder durg- resistance vvere 38.5 % and 28.7 %, respectively. The follow up of 92 (23.5 %) cases was not regular and their management was not continued. The registrations of 68 (17.3 %) of these cases vvere not found in the dis­ panseries. Ali these findings shovv that efforts of tuberculosis control and education are insufficient in our city.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the general characteristics, survival time and prognostic factors affecting the high grade glial tumor after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Data of 166 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Included histopathologically confirmed cases were grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma and grade 4 glioblastoma multiforme. Patients were treated with curative radiotherapy and simultaneous ± adjuvant Temozolamide. Results: 73% of the patients were male, 27% were female and the median age was 57 years. 21% were anaplastic astrocytomas, 79% were glioblastom multiforme. 40% of the patients were total, 49% of the patients were subtotally operated and 11% of the patients had only biopsy for diagnostic purposes. The median Karnofski performance score of the patients before radiotherapy was 90. 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was applied to 37% of the patients, 63% of the patients were treated with intensity-adjusted radiotherapy technique. Simultaneous Temozolamide was administered with 92% of patients’ radiotherapy. The median follow-up time was 15 months. Overall survival rates were 82 months for anaplastic astrocytoma and 15.5 months for glioblastome multiforme (p <0.001). Overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 77%, 59%, and 55% for anaplastic astrocytoma and 59%, 33%, and 4% for glioblastome multiforme, respectively. Median overall survival in patients aged <50 years was 39.3 months, while age ≥50 years was 12.4 months (p <0.001). Overall survival according to operation pattern was 33.2 months in total exposures, 13.8 months in subtotal resections, and 4.9 months in biopsies (p = 0.00). Overall survival was 8.1 months with a performance of <70, while overall survival was 22.3 22.3 months with ≥70 (p = 0.00). Overall survival was 12.9 months in patients who underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and 21.5 months in patients undergoing intensity-adjusted radiotherapy (p = 0.005). Overall survival was 7.8 months when applied to radiotherapy dose <60 Gy and 21.7 months when given 60 Gy (p = 0.00). Median survival was 18.4 months and 7.2 months, respectively, using concurrent Temozolamide (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In conclusion, the patient’s diagnosis, age, operative form, performance, radiotherapy dose, chemotherapy usage and survival were positive and our results are compatible with the literature.

Primary gastric lymphoma is rare disease. In. this article, we presem two patients who had primary gastric lymphoma and reviwed with reference values.

Aim: In this study, we discuss the efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
(AHSCT) for high-risk pediatric solid-tumor patients based on 1 2 years of experience.
Patients and Methods: The data of patients aged < 18 years with pediatric malignancies who underwent
AHSCT between January 2009 and July 2021 at the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit were evaluated
retrospectively.
Results: Fifty-one patients (24 girls and 27 boys; median age, 7.8 years; range: 0.5–18 years) were
enrolled in the study; 20, 15, 8, 4, 2, and 2 patients had diagnoses of neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma,
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and soft tissue sarcoma, respectively.
The median neutrophil and platelet engraftment times were 11 (8–45) and 16 (4–62) days, respectively,
and the median hospital stay was 38 (17–67) days. The median follow-up time was 2.83 (0.12–10.81)
years and the overall survival (OS) rate was 51.3 ± 10.3% for all patients; the median follow-up times
and survival rates for the Ewing’s sarcoma and neuroblastoma cases were 2.63 (0.12–10.55) years and
64.2 ± 14.9%, and 2.81 (0.31–7.91) years and 42.8 ± 12%, respectively. All four patients who received
the conditioning regimen of carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan (CEM) died; 6 of 16 neuroblastoma
patients who received the busulfan and melphalan (Bu/Mel) regimen as a conditioning regimen died: the
median follow-up period of the Bu/Mel neuroblastoma patients was 3.08 (0.32–7.91) years and the OS
rate was 55.1 ± 13.8%.
Conclusion: Although the number of patients in this study was limited, AHSCT resulted in better survival
for Ewing’s sarcoma and neuroblastoma cases than reported for those who did not undergo AHSCT in
our clinic.

Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology exactly. Although the disease most commonly appears in the mediastinal lymph nodes, it can be occur in cervical, retroperitoneal, axillary and other regions lymph nodes. There is no gender predominance and often occurs in young adults. Two histological variants as hyaline-vascular and plasma cell type have been described. Clinically it is also divided in two types: a localized type, which is usually asymtomatic and presented as a mass or swelling. Systemic (multicentric) type is characterized nonspecific symptoms such as fever, anaemia, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly Complete surgical excision is curative for localized form. Although systemic type is usually treated with radiation therapy, corticosteroids and chemotherapy, there is no certain treatment. We herein reported a neck mass diagnosed as hyaline vascular type Castleman’s disease.

While working on the serological diagnosis of tuberculosis over the last 20 years I developed a very simple test that can show in one minute whether a person has any of the serious infectious and suppurative dis-eases including tuberculosis, cancer, leukemia and lymphoma or not. This test basically consists of placing a drop of blood obtained from the fin-gertip on a slide, adding a drop of each of two different solutions into it and observing whether a small red presipitations occur in the mixture or not.

Mediastinoscopy is a widely used technique in the diagnosis of staging of lung cancer and primary and secondary mediastinal disease. İt was reported that mediastinoscopy was greater than sensitivity of %75 and specificity of % 90. We retrospectively revievved 24 mediastinoscopy performed in our clinic betvveen January 1999 and December 2002. There were 17 men and 7 women aged from 24 to 77 (mean age 57 years ) and the duration of operation was 30- 60 minutes. Eight patients had mediastinoscopy for the staging of lung cancer and sixteen patients for diagnosis of mediastinal mass. İn 3 of 8 patients N2 and N3 disease was identified. İt was suggested that these patients were inoperable. İn six- teen patients with mediastinal disease, sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 5 patients, non small celi lung cancer in 4 patients, tuberculosis in 4 patients, lymphoma in one patient, lung fibrosis and reactive lymph nodes in two patients. There were no complications and mortality in our cases. We conclude that mediastinoscopy is highly effective and safe procedure in the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases and staging of the lung cancers.

In this study, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were evaluated in 15 non-Hodgkin 11 Hodgkin and 19 leukemia patients retrospectively between 1992-1994 in Selcuk University Department of Internal Medicine. Trigylceride levels has been found high in 17 patients with lymphoma (65,38 %) and 8 patients with leukemia (42, 10%). Triglyceride level was low in 1 patient with leukemia (5.10%). Triglyceride level was not low in any lymphoma patients. Cho-lesterol levels were high in 2 patients with lym-phoma (7.8%) and 1 patient with leukemia (5.10%). Cholesterol levels were low in 3 patients with leu-kemia (15.30%). Also cholesterol levels were low in 3 patients with lymphoma (10.15%).

While I have been working on the serological diagnosis of tuberculosis for nearly 20 years, serious infectious and inflammatory diseases including tuberculosis, cancer, in a person. I have developed a very simple test that can distinguish between leukemia and lymphoma in one minute. The essence of the test consists of placing a drop of blood taken from the fingertip on a slide and dropping a drop of two separate solutions on it, and then investigating whether small red precipitations occur in the mixture.

We studied P glycoprotein (Pgp) expression by testing fine needle aspiration specimens from lymp nodes with C- 494 antibody using an immunocytochemical assay in 30 cases of hlstologically proven non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) at diagnosis and after three courses of chemotherapy. Pgp expression was detected İn two of eight patients with stage l-ll, 10 of 22 patients with stage lll-IV at diagnosis and in one of two patients with stage l-ll, three of eight patients with stage lll-IV after chemotherpy. The stage of disease, the presence of B symptoms, the rate of response to treatment and duration of overall survival showed no significant difference between the group of Pgp negative patients ad the group of Pgp positive patients. İn conclucion we suggest that Pgp expression alone can not explain the treatment of chemotherapy resistance in NHL probably due to multifuctorial mechanisms of drug resistance.

Organ tuberculosis is an important problem for the public health in devoloping countries. Tuberculosis can be seen on any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. Esophageal tuberculosis is very rarely seen with 0.14% prevalance. It usually originates from mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy. We report a 55-year-old woman who admitted to our hospital with complaints of dysphagia, weight loss, audinophagia and epigastric pain. The chest radiography revealed a linear opacity compatible with fibrotic tape was seen on chest x-ray. Thorax CT examination revealed milimetric calcified lymph nodes at subcarinal and the right hilar region, thickening of proximal part of esophageal wall through carinal leveland subsegmenter collapse on left lower lobe. Ulcerative lesion with dimension of 1×1 cm localized in the 19th cm of the esophagus was seen on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, suggesting esophageal carcinoma. Biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomatous ulceration which resembled tuberculosis. After antituberculous chemotherapy, the endoscopy repeated in end of the 2nd month of antituberculous therapy and the recovery of ulcer lesion was seen and the biopsy showed no signs of tuberculosis. Conclusion; esophageal tuberculosis should be kept in mind at differential diagnosis in patients who have complaints of dysphagia and loss weight and radiological signs.

The Incidence of Pulmonary Involvement in Leu-kemic and Lymphoma Patients. In this study, the prevalence and type of intro-torasic involvement of 80 cases with malignant lym-phoma (45 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 35 Hodgkin dis-ease) and 46 cases with leukaemia were evaluated retrospectively between 1988 and 1994 in Selguk University Department of Internal Medicine. The pulmonary involvement has been found in 28 (35 %) of 80 lymphoma and 6 (15,2 %) of 46 leukaemia cas-es. Mediastinal hilar lymphadenopathy was the com-monest manifestation followed by pleural lesions.

Primary angiosarcoma of breast is a rarely seen tumor type. İt considered that tumor is developing from the pe- rilobular capillary netvvork. İt metastased with hemotagen pathvvay in early State ıt shows a poor prognosis. Fourty years old woman. Left breast mass and axillary lymphadenopathy presenced in physical examination. Biopsy was reported primer angiosarcoma of the breast. After the modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant chemotheraphy and radiotheraphy was performed. Patient was tost inpostoperative 12th month with lung and bone metastasis.

We aimed to present a case with breast cancer which has cervical lymph nodes with increased FDG uptake in 18F-FDG PET/ CT and has biopsy result of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Sixty-three year-old female patient with breast cancer complaining cervical and thoracal pain was imaged with PET/CT. PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake in bilaterally cervical, left submandibular and left prevertebral lymph nodes. The clinician considered that this image was related to an infectious process and continued to chemotherapy. A solid lesion was determined in follow-up ultrasonography. A PET/CT imaging was done to confirm this lesion. Increasing in quantity and SUVmax values of cervical, submandibular and prevertebral lymph nodes was determined. There was also a right axillary lymph node and a hypodense lesion with increased FDG uptake in liver. Biopsy was recommended because of increasing quantity and FDG uptake of lymph nodes and a new lesion in liver after chemotherapy. Biopsy result was tuberculosis lympadenitis in lymph nodes and metastasis in liver. False positive results in FDG-PET studies should be kept in mind because tuberculosis is a common disease in Turkey. Biopsy should be done in atypical cases.

Tumors In This study, anti-HCV seropozitivity was inves-tigated in 46 new diagnosed patients with different solid tumors without hepatocelluler carcinoma, which they have not received any transfusion or sur-gical operation. The positivity was evaluated using by second generation ELISA system. Patients are consist of 14 lung cancer (Ca), 7 lymphoma, 5 breast Ca, 5 hipernephroma and 15 other tumors. Anti-HCV positivity was in 5 (10.8%) of 46 pa-tients, and 4 of this positive patients were with lung Ca (4114,28.5%), and 1 was with brain Ca (113). ALT levels were normal, serum iron and iron-binding capacily were decrased in all patients, hae-moglobin and haemotocrit were also decreased in 73.9% of patients. In addition, 3 patients (6.5%) HBsAg, 21 patients (45.6%) anti HBc were found to be positive. As a result, the high positivity of anti-HBc while the HBsAg was low positive showed that there was IIBV infection, and the HCV infecton was alsa expected with the same transmission ways. Anti-HCV positivity as a marker of HCV infection-which can produce the chronic carrier state is more expected in cancer patients. They have allected immun status than normal population, but 4 of 5 posi-tivity was in Lung Ca patients is of great interest.

It was been presented 6 massive intestinal resection cases due to acute mesenteric vasculary occlusion in 3 cases strangulated small bowel obstruction in one case, perforated Mediterranean lymphoma in one case and ascariasis in one case between 1983-1987 in Selçuk University Medicine Faculty Alt of them developed short bowel syndrome. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was applied up to adaptation for new condi-tion and prevention of and treat the early complications. Five cases were successful, one case died after two months postoperation. The highy early mortality and morbidity rate can be decreased by TPN in short bowel syndrome cases.

Aim: Cardiac masses are rare and categorized as non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Different imaging
methods play a vital role in the diagnosis and surgical planning of cardiac masses. Echocardiography
is the primary method of mass detection. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) are used to detect and monitor cardiac masses. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of
radiology in the detection of rare cardiac masses and treatment planning.
Patients and Methods: Admission symptoms of five patients with cardiac masses detected in our
radiology unit between 2018 and 2021, the imaging methods in which the lesions were determined, and
whether the imaging findings were consistent with their patholo gical diagnosis were evaluated.
Results: The masses of patients diagnosed with lymphoma, pleomorphic sarcoma, and hemangioma
were larger than 3 cm. The margins of the malignant masses were ill-defined, and invasion into adjacent
structures was seen. Cardiac hemangioma, pericardial cyst, and myxoma had diagnostic radiological
findings.
Conclusion: It is significant to know the imaging findings according to the pathological diagnosis of
cardiac masses in patient management and treatment planning.

During 1996 and 1999, we applied MVAC in 27 patients whose final stage bladder tumor depends on pathological and radiological bases at urological department. 15.4 % had complete response, 34.6 % had partial clinical response, 34.8 % hadn’t any clinical response and 19.7% had progression. One of the patient died due to a wide spreed tumor metastasis and neutropenic sepsis during the treatment. The most common side-effects were nausea- vomiting, transient renal failure, leucopenia, and trombocytopenia. M-VAC therapy showed it’s beneficial effect by decreasing the stage so providing TUR possibility and other alternative surgical procedurs.

Motor neuron disease and paraproteinemia are seen together not infrequently and the literature re-garding pathogenesis has been increasing. Pa-raproteinemia, if detected, can be encountered in any type of the motor neuron disease (MND), either in focal or generalized types. The association of MND and lymphoma has been reported more frequently: yet. number of cases with MND associated with mul-tiple myeloma is very limited. We found paraproteinemia and multiple myeloma in the investigation of two MND cases, 66 year old woman and 49 years old man both of whom were di-agnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There has been report in similar cases stating that neurological signs can precede the detection of ma-lignancy. but vice versa is also prevalent. For this re-ason. we st'ant to emphasize the importance of ma-lignancy, paraproteinemia, multiple myeloma investigations in the patients with ALS diagnosis. In-sisting on detailed neurological examination is also very important in patients with infraquently seen ma-lignancies such as multiple myeloma. Clinical fin-dings and pathophysiological mechanisms have been discussed in the light of the related literature.

Primary gastric lymphoma is a rare disease. On barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract, one case had marked gastric wall thickening. Primary gastric lymphoma was diagnosed by computed to-mography (CT). Computed tomography is iz noninvasive, accurate ınethod of evaluating patients with suspected gastric lymphoma clinically.

Granulocytic sarcoma is extramedullary infiltration of leukemic cells and the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. These cases may present with abdominal pain, ileus, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation. We present an acute myeloid leukemia patient that admitted with abdominal pain whose bone marrow is in remission after chemotherapy in whom the reason of abdominal pain was granulocytic sarcoma that occurred in the colon.

Dermatoses associated with malign diseases may be helpful for the diagnosis. In tlüs case the patient with acquired ichthyosis was diagnosed as Hodgkin's Disease.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a clinical variant of histiocytosis - X. There are solitary or multiple le-sions on the bones due to histiocytic proliferation. The lesions are rarely located in the temporal re-gion. The tumor is asymptomatic at the onset. We present a case whose lesion is located on the temporoparietal area. The case is followed after the operation without chernotherapy and radiotherapy.