Makale Arama

This study has been planned for investigating the effects of TİVA, vvhich is formed by the combination of midazolam-fentanyl and VİMA with inhalation of sevoflurane on the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, recovery period and cognitive functions of anesthesia in geriatric age. Patients undergoing to transurethral prostatectomy ( TUR-P ) were randomly divided two groups as Group M and S. İnduction vvas performed with midazolam and fentanyl in group M and inhalation ın Group S. Mask tolerance, induction time, reflexes of respiration, extubation, eye-opening time and time for telling his/her name, and advers effects were examined in both groups. The mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate vvere also recorded during the operation. The hemoglobin and 02 saturation values vvere recorded before the operation, 2 and 24 hours after the operation. The mental status test vvas applied. The induction time of Group M vvas found to be longer and eye-opening time and time for telling name vvere significantly shorter than Group S ( p<0.05). Heart rate vvas significantly lovver in group M 2 minutes after operation starts and at 30th minute of the operation ( p<0.05 ). The mental status test shovved no difference betvveen two groups in every mental status examining period ( p>0.05 ). There vvas no difference betvveen the preoperative values and postoperative 24 hours’ values.İn conclusion, each of the anesthesia methods can be a choice for this group of age by providing a heamodynamically stable anesthesia, fast and comfortable recovery. İn addition, the effects of these methods on early cognitive functions did not differ from each other.

Diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization attempts have recently been increasing. Numerous complications may develop after cardiac catheterization, including local complications, such as thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, bleeding, infection, and distal embolization at the catheter insertion site, as well as complications associated with the anesthetic agents, such as respiratory depression, tachycardia and bradycardia. A total of 120 patients, who underwent cardiac catheterization between June 2010 and June 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were aged from 9 days to 15 years (mean 3.5±4.2 years) and 58 (48%) were female and 62 (52%) were male. Of the 120 patients, 102 (85%) underwent a diagnostic cardiac catheterization procedure, whereas in 18 (15%) patients an interventional procedure was performed. Complications were encountered in 7 (5.8%) patients, aged from 9 days to 15 years (3.5±4.2 years). There were femoral hematoma in two patients, femoral bleeding in one patient, femoral thrombosis in two patients, bradycardia in one patient, and a patient developed respiratory arrest during sedation (with midazolam). Femoral venous thrombosis, which was seen in two patients, was treated with low molecular weight heparin in one case and with low molecular weight heparin and pentoxifylline in the other. Two patients who developed femoral hematoma underwent local treatment. One patient developed resistant bradycardia, for which a temporary pacemaker was inserted. A patient with femoral hemorrhage was treated with protamine sulfate. One patient, who developed respiratory arrest due to midazolam, was treated with respiratory support. All patients were discharged in a good condition after the treatment. The complications in patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in our clinic, and the risk factors for these complications were analyzed retrospectively. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization should be closely monitored in terms of possible local and general complications. The incidence of the complications can be reduced by taking appropriate measures. The morbidity and the mortality can be reduced by early diagnosis and treatment of the complications.

The study compares the recovery charecteristics of desflurane and isoflurane in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Forty children 4-12 year of age were studied and thirty minutes prior to the induction of anesthesia, ali patients received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam orally. They were randomly assigned to receive 1-1.5 % isoflurane (group I) and 6-7 % desflurane (group II) for maintenance of anesthesia afterpatients given 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol and 10 pg/kg alfentanyl for anesthesia induction. Before surgery, patients received 20 mg/kg paracetamol rectally for postoperative analgesia. Dexamethasone 150 pg/kg was given to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Administration of anesthetic agents was terminated at the end surgery. At the end of operation extubation and recovery time determined. Extubation time was defined as the time from discontinuation of anesthetics to extubation. Recovery time was measured from the time the anesthetics were discontinued until the patients achieved a score of 8 on the Aldrete score. Agitation was evaluated by using the three-point score. Extubation and recovery time were significantly faster in the desflurane group than isoflurane group (p<0.05). İncidence of agitation was similar for both groups. As a result, desflurane provides a faster recovery than isoflurane in short-term surgery on children.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on postoperative nausea vomiting and recovery in the middle ear surgery. The patients undergoing to middle ear surgery were randomly divided into two groups as Group S ( n=19) and Group P ( n=19). AH the patients are premedicated with 0.1 mg/kg İM midazolam and the induction was done with sevoflurane in Group S and 2.5 mg/kg İVpropofol in Group P. After the blockage with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg, entübation was performed. Anesthesia maintenance was done with sevoflurane 1-3% in Group S and 8 mg/kg /h IV propofol infusion in Group P and 70% N2O/O2 inhalation in both. At the end of the operation, after quitting the anesthetics, the extubation times, spontaneous eye opening and recovery times were recorded. Postoperative nausea vomiting were evaluated in 2nd, 6th, 12th,18th and 24th hours. There were no significant differences found betvveen the groups according to spontaneous eye opening and recovery times ( p>0.05 ). Nausea-vomiting rate was found to be high in 0-2, 2-6, 12-18 hours in Group S ( p<0.05), but there was no difference in 6-12 hours ( p>0.05). Nausea-vomiting was not seen in any of the groups in 18-24 hours. İn conclusion no differences were found betvveen these anesthesia methods according to postoperative recovery, although nausea-vomiting rates appearently lovver in Group P. For this reason propofol anesthesia was decided to be an alternative for the middle ear surgery which has a high incidence ofpostoperative nausea and vomiting.

40 ASA I-II patients undergoing abdominal surgery were included in the study. They were randomly allocated into two groups. Midazolam was used for maintenance. Group 1 (n=20) recieved iv 0.1mg/kg bahis increments as needed while group Il (n=20) recieved 0.1mg/kg/hr continious infusion. The effects on hemodynamics was stu-died. The effects of postoperative flumazenil on emergence and hemodynamics were alsa evaluated. Ali patients were premedicated with 1M 0.07mg/kg midazolam+0.5mg/kg atropine. 0.3mg/kg midazolam, 0.5mg/kg atracurium was used for induction. Maintenance was supplemented with 50%02+50%N20 and iv 1mg/kg meperidine in both groups. The SAB,DAP,HR were recorded at the first minute after induction, intubation, incision and every 10 mi-nutes perioperatively. Sp02 was monitored continiously. One minute after extubation the alertness was assesed with the Alertnes-Sedation Scale and iv 0.2mg flumazenil was giyen. Flumazenil was repeated every minute until the score became 1. Student's t test was used for analysis (p<0.05 was considered as significant). The he-modynamic parameters were stable in both groups. The total midazolam dose was sigificantly lower and emer-gence was more rapid in group Il. Either incremental bahis or infusion midazolam provides stable and sa-tisfactory anaesthesia maintenance. Because of lower midazolam dosage and more rapid emergence, the infusion method is more preferable.

We evaluated the effects of nasal administered flunitrazepam and rectal midazolam on preoperative anxiety in children of ages 1 to 12. 0.03 mg.kg-1 nasal fhtnitrazepam for group I (NF) and 0.45 mg.kg"/ rectal midazolam (RM) was given to group 30 min before the operation. The Subjective Numerical Anxiety - Sedation Scores (SNAS) were recorded before premedication and induction. Cardiovascular variables and respiratory complications were recorded during inhalational induction with isoflurane. Complications were more frequent in the NF group (% 58.33), although the SNAS scores were similar before premedication in both groups, before induction the anxiety scores in the NI,' group and the sedation scores in RM group were increased. A rise in heart rate (HR) was recorded in both of the groups (p<0.05), In the NF group a significant increase at the fifth minute (p<0.05) and a very significant increase during the first minute (p<0.001) occured in the systolic blood pressures (SBP), in the RM group a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was recorded during the first minute. As a result, we have concluded that while nasal)) administered flunitrazepam is not a favorable premedication agent. rectal midazolam is effective and safe in children for premedication.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimal invasive method of enteral nutrition for the patients that the oral intake is not possible. The aim of this study is to determine the results of our PEG insertion procedure performed. We analysed the medical records of 112 patients who had an initial PEG insertion retrospectively in January 2011 and December 2012 at Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine. We inserted 20 F Abboth Flexiflo endoscopic gastrostomy tubes by the “Pull Tecnique” in all cases. No general anesthesia was needed. The records were reviewed with regard to age, gender, indications, interventional complications, the port-site leakage, periportal infection and mortality were examined. PEG was performed to 112 patients comprising 37 females (33%) and 75 (67%) males, ages ranged from 28 to 77 years with a mean age of 53±16,57 years. All patients had neurological defects that impair feeding. Average time of feeding through PEG 180±74,84 (min 10- max 295) days. After PEG, subcutaneous infection was occured at 4 (3.5%) patients, gastrointesinal intolerance was occured at 5 (4.4%) patients, leakage from gastrostomy site was occured at 6 (5.3%) patients. PEG is a simple,safe and effective feeding method for enteral nutritional deficiency in patients.

In this study we evaluated the efficiency and reliability of spinal anesthesia during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) after the ineffective ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL). In our clinic for 4 years, all of 17 patients who were applied SWL under spinal anesthesia (Group 1) were received to study. Also, 17 patients were administered sedo-analgesia with midazolam and fentanyl (Group 2) were included randomly into the study. Group 1 patients were transported to the SWL unit with monitoring and observance of anesthetist under spinal block after ineffective URL. The diameter of the stones, the level of the maximal energy, SWL, fluoroscopy and recovery times, the rate of stone free were recorded. The pain assessment was performed with verbal pain scale (VPS). Any patients showed hypotension, bradycardia, desaturation and nause-vomiting. There were no significant differences related to the diameter of the stones, SWL and flouroscopy times, the rate of stone free between groups. The maximal energy was 56.7 mjoule in Group 1, 47.6 mjoule in Group 2 (p

Aim: Awake fiberoptic intubation is the preferred method of intubation for patients who fulfill criteria for difficult intubation. Numerous agents have been used to provide sedation during these procedure. In this study the use of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine has been reported. Case Report: A 44-yr-old male with bilateral ankylosis of temporomandibular joint was admitted for gap artroplasty. The patient’s interincisal distance was 5 mm. Electrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure cuff, a pulse oximeter and after intubation end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring were applied. Topical anesthesia was provided by lidocaine gargle. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam were applied for sedation and analgesia. A fiberoptic intubation was nasally performed providing spontaneous breathing. Sufficient oral amount of opening was provided with surgery and he was extubated. Conclusion: We concluded that; following a careful preoperative preparation, fiberoptic intubation can be performed providing spontaneous breathing without any problem in patients having restricted mouth opening and dexmedetomidine can be used for satisfactory sedation, patient cooperation, analgesia without causing respiratory distress.

The choice of anaesthetics for ceasarean sections is important for both the nevvborn and the mother. Emergence phenomena (EP) is observed with clinical doses of ketamine that can be avoided with lower doses. Ketamine- thiopentone or ketamine-midazolam combinations were used for ceasarean section anaesthesia induction. Side effects and newborn APGAR scores were evaluated. After institutional approval and informed consent 42 women (ASA I) were randomly allocated to two groups . Group I (n=21) recieved induction doses of IV ketamine 1mg/ kg+thiopentone 3mg/kg, group II (n=21) recieved ketamine 1 mg/kg+midazolam 0.2mg/kg. Both groups were in- tubated with IV1-1.5mg/kg succinylcholine. The patients were ventilated with 100% 02 until the umblical cord was clamped. Anaesthesia was maintained with 50%02+50%N20, 1-1.5% isoflurane and atracurium. Heart rate, ar- terial pressures were recorded before the operation, induction, skin incision and perioperatively. The APGAR sco­ res were evaluated at the first and 5th minutes. The patients were intervieved 12 hours postoperatively for EP. The data was analysed with Student's t test. The two groups were hemodynamicaly comparable (p>0.05). EP was observed in 2 patients of group I. The APGAR scores were similar in both groups (p>0.05). Both anaesthetic combinations shovved similarity in APGAR scores and anaesthesia. Because of its fewer side effects ke- tamine+midazolam combination is more favourable.

Larygoscopy and endotracheal intubation are known to increase blood pressure and heart rate by release of cathecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system. Our study aimed to evaluate, remifentamTs effect on this response. This study was performed on 40 ASA l-ll class patients aged between 19-45 years planned for laparoscopic elective surgery. Patients were randomised in two groups. Ali patients received 0.03 mg kg-1 midazolam IV. After Standard monitorisation (ECG, noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2) 1.5 pg kg-1 remifentanil was given to group I and 25 pg kg-1 alfentanil to group II patients as bolus injection. Standard anesthesia induction was made 1 minute after these drugs. (Propofol 2 mg kg-1, succinylcholine 1.5 mg kg-1). Measurements (sistolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) were performed: in the beginning (t0), before propofol (tğ, before laryngoscopy (t2), 1and 3 minutes after the endotracheal intubation (t3, t4), 1 minutes after skin inc'ıslon / trochar insertion (t5). Statistical comparisons were made by student t tests. İn each of the two groups t1t t2, t3, t4, t5 values (systolic, diastolic blood pressures, and heart rate) were signrficantly decreased (p<0.05). The response to tracheal intubation (t3, t4) and skin incision (t5) were less in remifentanil group than in alfentanil group (p<0.05). As a result, we think that remifentanil can be preferred to alfentanil because remifentanil can supress the haemodynamic response sufficiently the larygoscopy endotracheal intubation

Aim: In this study, we aimed to discuss our experience and results of non-operating room anesthesia.

Materials and Methods: Anesthesia records of patients older than 18 years who underwent sedo-analgesia outside the operating room for diagnosis and treatment between May 2017 and December 2017 were retrospectively screened. The records were examined in terms of demographic data, applied procedure, duration of the procedure, sedation grade, medications used, developing minor and major complications, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease story and intensive care need. Relationships between complications with demographic data and categorical variables were analyzed.

Results: Totally 2562 patients underwent sedo-analgesia. 1428 (55.7%) of these cases were female and 1134 (44.3%) of them were male. The average age of patients was 53.08±16.55. 268 (10.5%) of the cases were ASA I, 1683 (65.7%) were ASA II, 598 (23.3%) were ASA III and 13 (0.5%) were ASA IV. 519 (20.3%) patients were minimally sedated, 1541 (60.1%) were moderate sedated and 502 (19.6%) deep sedated. The longest procedure time in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was 28.7 ± 16.3 min, and the shortest procedure time in endoscopy was 10.3 ± 3.1 min. The most commonly performed procedure was colonoscopy with 31%. The most commonly used drug combination was midazolam + propofol + fentanyl applied to 1231 patients (48%). 148 (5.76%) patients had minor complication, and 10 (0.37%) patients had major complication. A total of 15 (0.58%) patients underwent intensive care after the procedure. Desaturation was statistically significantly higher in patients with ASA III and above, in procedures take longer than 15 minutes, in patients older than 65 years, and in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The intensive care need after the procedure was also significantly higher in these patient groups.

Conclusion: The incidence of non-operating room anesthesia is increasing steadily. The risks associated with these practices are similar to the anesthesia in the operating room. In order to increase patient safety and reduce complications, it is important to carry out a thorough evaluation before the procedure, to provide proper monitored anesthesia care in appropriate physical conditions, and to establish healthy communication between the teams.

This stiıdy was undertaken in 20 female and 11 mak, a Lola! of 31 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedure. Prentedication was with diazeparn and aniisiine orally the night before and atropin and diazeparn 30 to 45 minutes preoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with Pethidin 11CI (50 mg), Midazolam (0.2 ntglItg) and Succinyl coline (1 mg/kg) and rnainiained using 50% 02, 50% N20 and Mi&zolarn infusion (7 mg1h) in 18 patients (Group o and 50%02, 50% N20 and 1% Ilalotharte in 13 patients (Group 11). In order to produce mucle relaxation, Vercroniunt brornide (0.1 rngikg) was used in etli patients. Ey using steril technique, prepheral venous puncture was perforrnad and blood samples were obtained to determine serum SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase mlevels preoperatively, 6 hours after operation and on the 2" and 54 posioperative days. The effects of anesthesia technique ta liver functions were evaluated and there was no signıficant difference in preoperative and postopera-live serum SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase levels in each group (p>0.05). bVe concluded that in certain patients Ilalothan has no hepatolixic effect and Midazolam infusin is preferable in high risc patients if it is desired to avoid using Ilalothane.

Midolazam is a short acting benzodiazepine type drug that has recently entered clinical use.