Makale Arama

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the measurements and the relation between measured parameters of hand, second and fourth finger in full term, newborn with low birth weight and premature newborns. Materials and method: We were studied 60 premature newborns (Male 30, Female 30) who were aged between 29 and 37 post menstrual week and 60 full term newborns (Male 30, Female 30) and 60 newborn with low birth weight (Male 30, Female 30). In all cases, hand length, hand width, second and fourth finger lengths, hand index [(hand width ÷ hand length) x 100] and second-fourth finger index [(2nd finger length ÷ 4th finger length) x 100] were measured. Results: The measurements of hand and finger were significantly different between groups in whom it was greater in full term newborns (p<0.05). There were differences in the hand width, second finger lengths in full term newborns between sexes (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation between the hand and finger dimensions was found in the all groups. Furthermore the second/fourth finger index of male was higher in full term newborns. Hand index and second-fourth finger index were differences between male and female in full term newborn. Conclusions: With more expressions of the parameter of hand and second-fourth finger at prematüre and full term newborns and newborn with low birth weight the possibility of more information about individual variations will be given. Knowledge about normal variations in hand and second-fourth finger dimensions can help in diagnosis of pathologies or anomaly of skeleton and endocrine development.

A prospective study was conducted to analyze the rate of perinatal mortality and the perinatal mortality causes in 2395 infants who vvere born in 1997, at Selçuk University Hospital. Among whom were 77 of the perinatal deaths vvere stillbirths and 2318 live births. Preterm infants totaled341 (14.7%) vvhile 251(10.48%) had low birth vveights and 90 (3.75%) had very low birth vveights. The stillbirth rate was 32.1 per 1000. 73 of the 2318 live birth infants died during the first seven days of life. The perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was 62.6 per 1000 and early neonatal mortality rate 31.4 per 1000. According to Wigglesworth classification of perinatal deaths (n-150), macerated still­ birth, asfixial conditions, lethal congenital abnormalities and immatürity groups vvere, 15%, 51%, 13% and 13% respectively. The analyses of PNMR implies that more than half (57.33%) of the deaths could be prevented. The main cause of high PNMR in this hospital is attributable to be a referral çenter in this region for high risk preg- nancies. PNMR could reduced vvith a large scale fetal-maternal assesment program and technological de- velopment covering the vvhole region vvith the ultimate goal of reducing the perinatal mortality rate.

Objective of this study was to determine the incidence and treatment results of retinopathy of prematurity among premature infants followed in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Ophthalmology Clinic, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University. Premature infants followed between January 2012 and June 2014 were included in the study. Infants were grouped according to birth weight and gestational age. Retinopathy of prematurity incidence, stage and percentage of infants who were treated with Argon laser were evaluated. Also, the treatment results and complications of treatment were determined. The mean gestational age and the mean birth weight of the 304 premature infants included in our study were 31.1 ± 2.3 (24-36) weeks and 1587.58 ± 454.49 (490- 3300) gr, respectively. Retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 24.7% (75/304) of the followed infants. Retinopathy of prematurity was recognized at the zone 2 (45 infants) most frequently, while at the zone 1 (1 infant) was least frequently. Stage 1 (43 infants) disease was occurred most frequently, however stage 3 (3 infants) was observed least frequently. There was no premature infants in stage 4 and stage 5. Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed in only one premature infant. A total of 45 (%60) premature infants having retinopathy of prematurity had also plus disease. Argon laser treatment was applied to 22 (%29.3) premature infants with favorable results in all of them. As an important disease retinopathy of prematurity composes a great risk of blindness for infants with small gestational age and low birth weight. Argon laser treatment of eyes with retinopathy of prematurity seems to be an effective and safe alternative.

In this study, chromosome analysis of 96 premature babies whose weights are less than the age of birth from the babies admitted to the Premature Infant Service of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Research and Training Hospital, were analyzed and numerical and structural irregularities were determined. As a result of studies conducted with two drops of blood taken from the heel of premature babies between 1-30 days with a micro pipette, the percentage of chromosome irregularities in premature babies was found to be higher than in non-selected babies born consecutively and lower than in babies who were stillborn or died in the perinatal period. In addition, Trisomy-18 Syndrome, which is found as 1/7000 in unselected babies born consecutively, was found with a high rate of 1/96. It has been found that most of the mothers of babies with structural chromosome irregularities have been in contact with mutagenic agents (drugs, disease agents, X-rays and chronic alcoholism) during their pregnancy.

Apnea is a frequently observed condition in newborn intensive care units. Especially in premature cases, it may be a sign of a serious disease or may be observed due to immature control of respiratory system. When central apnea is thought in the patient, central nervous stimulants are given, however if no response is seen mechanical ventilation support is applied. In this article, a premature case which received caffeine therapy due to central apnea however developed supraventricular tachycardia as treatment complication was reported and careful use of these stimulants was emphasized.

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is frequently encountered problems in obstetric practice and PROM is effecting perinatal outcomes. Premature rupture of membranes is associated with 20% to 30% of all preterm births. The prognosis is related primarily to gestational age at presentation and delivery. Appropriate treatment must be applied after patients were evaluated carefully, especially about gestational age and presence of infection. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and the most difficult problem for obstetricians. This reason, diagnosis, treatment and management of PPROM is very important. Diagnosis, treatment and management of PPROM is often discussed, but stil no consensus. In this review, we aimed to discuss how to approach with the support of current literature to problems we faced on PROM management.

The diagnosis and the early treatment of the thyroid diseases occuring before and during pregnancy are essential for both mother and baby. Increased synthesis of the thyroid hormones, urinary iodine loss, and transfer of iodine to the fetus through the placenta increase the daily iodine requirement in pregnant women. In order to evaluate the thyroid functions in pregnant women, the serum free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3), and TSH levels should be determined. Low levels of maternal and fetal thyroxin, lead to irreversible central nervous system development defects, where endemic cretinism and mental retardation are the most significant complications. Therefore, if possible, iodine treatment should be initiated prior to pregnancy. On the other hand hyperthyroidism, can lead to complications such as abortion, premature birth, preeclampsia, and placenta detachment. Thus, thyroid function tests should be monitored carefully during pregnancy

İn this study, vve aimed to determine the measurements of anterior fontanel and the relation betvveen cranial morphology and anterior fontanel in prematüre and full term newborns. IVe vvere studied 60 prematüre infants (Male 30, Female 30) who vvere aged betvveen 34 and 37 post menstrual vveek, and 60 full term infants (Male 30, Female 30). İn ali cases, head circumference, head length, and head vvidth vvere measured. From the corner points of anterior fontanel, transverse vvidth and sagittal length of anterior fontanel vvere measured. Average of diameter of anterior fontanel and anterior fontanel area vvere calculated in the ali cases. The measurements of cranial parameters vvere statistically significantly different betvveen prematüre and full term infants in vvhom it vvas greater than prematüre infants (p<0.001). There vvas no difterence in anterior fontanel parameters betvveen prematüre and term infants. There vvere statistically significant differences in birth vveight, length, head circumference and head length betvveen sexes in nevvborns, that it vvas larger in males than females (p<0.05). There vvere differences in sagittal length of anterior fontanel, average of diameter of anterior fontanel and anterior fontanel area betvveen sexes in prematüre infants, that it vvas larger in males than females (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation betvveen the gestational age and anterior fontanel dimensions (fontanel transverse vvidth and fontanel sagittal length) vvas found in prematüre male infants (respectively; r:0.27, r:0.43). Betvveen the measurements of cranium and anterior fontanel dimensions, significant positive correlation vvas found both of sex in prematüre infants (r: 0.67- 0.31). The average of anterior fontanel dimensions of prematüre and term nevvborn infants vvere found higher than those found in previous studies for both sexes. Knovvledge about normal variations in anterior fontanel dimensions can help in diagnosis of pathologies of cranial skeleton development.

In recent years, increase in the frequency of positive direct Coomb’s (DC) test in newborns without blood incompatibilitiy is remarkable. The objective of the present study is to determine the associated factors that causing this increase. Ninety-seven patients with positive DC test from 2362 newborns who were hospitalized in Neonatology Unit of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between June 2004-November 2006 have reviewed retrospectively. The prevalance of positive DC test was 4.1%. Twenty-six patients were premature. Hemolysis was determined in 41 patients. In 22 patients DC test was negative initially, but became positive in time. The DC test were became positive during the time, in 34.6% of premature and 14% of term newborns respectively. In 35 patients without blood incompatibility; intrauterine and postpartum systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and/or infection, various antenatal risks, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and antibiotic use were determined. In the newborns with positive DC test, the most common etiologic factors after blood group incompatibility are SIRS and/or infection, transfusion of blood and blood products, IVIG therapy and more rarely the resulting antibodies from various reasons.

236 (5.2%)nosocomial infections were detected in 4468 patients hospitalised in our newborn unit in Medical Fa- culty, Selçuk University between 1992 and 1996. 169 (71.6 %) of the infections detected were in prematüre ba- bies while 67 (28.4%) of them in mature babies and that numbers corresponded 11.5 percent and 2.2 res- pectively. The most common infection was sepsis (73.1%) and others such as menengitis (19.3%), pneumonia (3.4%) and others (4.2%) followed it. At least one microorganism growed in 32 (13.5%)specimens obtained from various body fluids. 9 (28.1%) of the miroorganisms were Klebsiella spp. and 8 (25.0%) of were E.coli Mortality rates of the infections were 87.5% for pneumonia, 61.5% for sepsis, 8.7% for menengitis and 60.0% for others, which corresponded an average mortality rate of 51.6 %.

It is sometimes very difficult to distinguish between cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, taking into account only physical examination findings. Symptoms of respiratory distress in premature babies may be due to congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, hyaline membrane disease, aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, pneumothorax, lobar emphysema, pulmonary agenesis or hypoplasia and a metabolic disorder. Traditional radiology has often helped us clinically. From the wider ductus arteriosus to the fetus, the pressure of the pulmonary arterial system to the aorta is equal. Therefore, pulmonary hypertension is a feature of normal fetal circulation.

Identification of patients who will deliver prematurely is extremely important to decrease neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of cervical length (CL) measurement in predicting preterm birth (PTB) in asymptomatic low risk women. A total of 200 consecutive asymptomatic patients between 16-22 gestational age who had no history of PTB previously were included in this prospective study. CL was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography and the predictive value of CL for PTB was evaluated in this low risk population. The incidence of PTB was 4.5% (9/200). The mean age (±S.D.) of the preterm and term groups was 27.7±6.98 and 24.9±4.47 years, respectively (p=0.222). The CLs at 16-22 weeks were not statistically different between the term group (35.0±4.57 mm) and the preterm group (36.5±6.93 mm) (p=0.887). Cesarean delivery rate was significantly higher in preterm group (p=0.04). Ultrasonographic CL measurement alone has limited value in prediction of preterm delivery in a low risk asymptomatic population. Also there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine CL screening in this subpopulation. Further larger prospective studies are needed to identify patients that may benefit most from such screening.

A 37 - year old woman was admitted to the co-ronary care unit (CCU) with the diagnosis of acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Three days post admission to the coronary care unit upon history of her menstrual status a pregnancy test was done and found to he positive. Her CCU care was continued and discharged without any complications. Her later phases of pregnancy was uneventful and underwent premature vaginal delivery at 8 months. This re-inforces the idea of close follow up of pregnant women with respect to possible angina pectoris if history reveals hypertension, diabetes. SMDking. overweight and other risk factors of myocardial in-farction.

Title : A case of cytomegalovirus infection mimicking total parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis.\r\n\r\nCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infection that passes trough transplacentally in the early infancy period and is the most common infectious cause of the nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss. We know that most of these cases were asymptomatic in the neonatal period. Especially among the extremely low birth weight infants, CMV prevalence is not known. We present a 29 weeks old 460 gr extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant with congenital CMV infection mimicking total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated cholestasis. Usually, when we see the cholestasis in the extremely low birth weight infant feeding with long time TPN, we think that it is associated with TPN. Direct hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis are the common situations in the newborn period. Especially this is considered to be associated with sepsis, TPN, galactosemia, inborn errors of metabolism and other causes. CMV- associated cholestasis should be kept in mind, especially in cases of premature infants with cholestasis and extremely low birth weight infants have been fed for a long time TPN.

One of the rare infective factors of bacterial origin from the external ear canal is Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Although in this group of bacteria as the agent of infection in human rarely seen, this bacteria often encountered associated with water environments. Those most infections are nosocomial origin. Sources of infection include dialysis fluids, distilled or deionized water, tap water, chlorhexidine solutions and intravenous fluids. The disease usually affects patients due to other underlying disease, impaired immune resistance, using immunosuppressants, premature babies or organs impaired immune resistance due to trauma. Ear drops containing cortisone used for a long time in the presence of resistant external otitis external otitis due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans’a should be considered. Classical antibiotic treatment is ineffective. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third-generation cephalosporins and antipseudomonal penicillins (piperacillin, ticarcillin, and carbapenems) ‘s should be used.

Despite major advances in the field of obstetrics and progress of other obstetric complications, current treatment modalities are not able to decrease the incidence of preterm labor (PL) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Recent studies support the role of infection in the etiology of PL. As an acute phase reactant ferritin levels increase in acute inflammation and inflammatory process. The aim of this study is to compare serum levels of ferritin in patients with PL and PPROM at 25-37th weeks of gestation and healthy controls. This study includes 51 healthy women and 51 patients with PL and/or PPROM. Venous blood samples were taken for measurement of complete blood count and ferritin values. Serum ferritin, hemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet values of three groups were compared. In both PL group and PPROM group serum ferritin levels were higher than control group (14.71±14.70, 12.29±10.89 and 6.05±4.33 recspectively) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.005) but serum ferritin levels showed no statistically significant difference between the PL and PPROM groups. In conclusion, ferritine as an acute phase reactant increases in PL and PPROM patients. Serum ferritin levels can be used as a marker in diagnosis and follow up of these patients.

Aim: Sitosterolemia -also known as phytosterolemia- is a rare autosomal, recessively inherited disease characterized by elevated plasma and tissue plant sterol concentrations. Sitosterolemia is characterized by tendon and tuberous xanthomas and by a strong propensity toward premature coronary atherosclerosis. In this article information concerning sitosterolemia disease are reviewed. Main Main Findings: In contrast to healthy subjects with total plasma plant sterols less than 1 mg/dl, patients with sitosterolemia have plasma phytosterol levels in the range of 12 to 40 mg/dl. The main plant sterols in patients with phytosterolemia are sitosterol and kampesterol but also elevated levels of stigmasterol, avenasterol, brassikasterol, kampestanol, sitostanol are found. Sitosterolemia has been shown to result from mutations in either of the genes for 2 proteins (ABCG5 or ABCG8). These ABC transporters preferentially pump plant sterols out of intestinal cells into the gut lumen, thereby decreasing sterol absorption. Results: We believe that it is important to measure blood sitosterol levels in suspicious patients in order to get correct diagnosis and treatment the sitosterolemia.

Risk factors and encountered problems during follow-up in babies with low birth weight (SGA) were investigated. 108 babies with SGA and who were follovved by our pediatrics department vvere evaluated. 52cases vvere male (48.2%) and 56 cases vvere female (51.8%) .40.7% of ali cases vvere prematüre and others (59.3%) vvere term babies. 53.7% of ali cases vvere applied from the city çenter. Low socioeconomic level, mother’s age lovver than 18 years, and preeclampsia vvere the most freguent risk factors. Infections (32.4%) , asphyxia (25.9%), hypoglysemia (21.3%) and polycythemia (19.4%) vvere the freguent problems. Important causes for mortality vvere infections, congenital abnormalities, and asphxy.

To present a patient who was diagnosed as Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane at 17th gestational week, she didn’t accept termination of her pregnancy and followed up for 14 weeks period. The patient was 35 years old and had 17 weeks pregnancy estimated using the date of the patient’s last menstrual period, referred to our clinic with vaginal discharge. The patient hospitalized for fetal and maternal monitoring with diagnosis of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane because of continued vaginal discharge at anamnesis, positive result at nitrazine paper and decreasing amniotic fluid on ultrasound. The family was asked for termination of pregnancy but they wanted to continue pregnancy. The patient was followed up for 14 weeks period with giving antibiotics. The patient’s labour started spontaneously on 31 gestational age, increased cervical dilatation at vaginal examination so that the patient was delivered by cesarean section. On first postoperative day the patient complained from swelling at left leg so left extremity venous doppler was performed and acute deep vein thrombosis was detected. Because of shortness of breath with continued fever at the patient, contrast computerized tomography and pulmonary angiographytaken with the preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism. The absolute result was pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was discharged without any problem on 10th postoperative day for use warfarin sodium (Coumadin®, Zentiva, İstanbul )5 mg / day po. The prevalence of thromboembolic events among women for whom extended bed rest is prescribed as part of the treatment of premature labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes is significantly increased with respect to that among pregnant women who do not receive this therapy

Diagnosis of acute abdomen in pregnancy is still a difficult situation. Due to physiological and anatomical changes of a pregnant woman during pregnancy, the diagnosis and treatment can be difficult to decide. In addition, some of the procedures used for the diagnosis are avoided because of risk to the fetus. Delay in the diagnosis may cause maternal morbidity, mortality, risk of fetal loss and can cause premature birth. Surgical intervention may be required or surgical intervention may be harmful in some cases. The incidence of acute abdomen in pregnancy has been reported as 1 in 500-635. Among the causes of nonobstetric acute abdomen in pregnancy are: acute appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer, acute pancreatitis, hepatic rupture, intestinal obstruction, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and severe preeclampsia. The life of the mother and fetus are important in the diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for the fetus and the mother.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding disease. ROP continues to be a leading cause of blindness of newborn in areas of the world that provide neonatal intensive care services to premature newborns. The aim of this review is to evaluate the new technical improvements and treatment modalities under current data. Increased number of Newborn Intensive Care Units leads to survive of incerased number of immature babies which in turn leads to increased number of premature infants to be screened and eyes to be treated. Although the current gold standart of screening method is examination by an experienced opthalmolog with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, a new debate arose that claims digital retinal photographs may be taken and evaluated in the remote reading centers by experienced ophthalmologists. On the other hand intravitreal injection of single dose of anti-VEGF may replace the more destructive cryotherapy and laser at the treatment aspect. Recent technical and medical improvements may induce major changes at the screening and treatment protocols of PR.

Purpose: İn this study, we aimed to determine the measurements and the relation betvveen craniofacial morpho- logy and orbita in full term, prematüre nevvborns and nevvborn with low birth vveight. Materials and method: We vvere studied 60 prematüre nevvborns (Male 30, Female 30) who vvere aged betvveen 32 and 37 post menstrual vveek, and 60 full term nevvborns (Male 30, Female 30), and 60 nevvborn with low birth vveight (Male 30, Female 30). İn ali cases, head circumference, head length, head vvidth, face height, face vvidth, orbita height, orbita vvidth, oropalpebral length and cantal index vvere measured. Average of measurements of cranio-facial and orbita vvere calculated in the ali cases. Results: The measurements of craniofacial and orbita vvere statistically significantly dif- ferent betvveen prematüre and full term infants in vvhom it was greater than prematüre infants (p<0.001). The re vvere differences in the measurements of craniofacial and orbita betvveen sexes. A significant positive correlation betvveen the craniofacial and orbita dimensions was found in prematüre nevvborns and nevvborn with low birth vveight (p<0.001). There was negative correlation betvveen head vvidth and orbita vvidth in full term nevvborns. Conclusions: VVith more expressions of the parameter of craniofacial and orbita at prematüre and full term nevv­ borns and nevvborn with lovv birth vveight, more Information about individual variations vvill be given. Knovvledge about normal variations in craniofacial and orbita dimensions can help in diagnosis of pathologies or anomaly of crania-facial skeleton development.

In 373 prematüre babies whose gestational ages were determined exactly, the incidence of fetal mal-nutrition chat is described as birth weight at or be-low 10th centile was found 25.4%. The rate of fetad malnutrition was increasing after 32nd week of ges-tational age. Maternal causes were determined in 66.3% of 95 patients with fetal malnutrition Feta! causes were found in 4.2% and no cause in 29.5% of cases. An obvious effect of fetal malnutrition on pre-mature mortality rates was observed.

Introduction: İn this study, we presented the results of smooth pinning which is a less aggressive surgical procedure with pelvipedal cast application in fractures of the neck of the femur in children. Materials and Methods: This study covers the results of surgically treated 48 hips of 49 children with fractured neck of femur who were admitted to our clinic betvveen 1986-1998. The mean age was 6.2 years (range 2-9 years). According to Colonna classification, four hips were type I, 27 hips were type II, 16 hips were type III, and two hips were type IV. İn ali patients, closed reduction with three or four percutaneus or öpen surgical smooth pins of two or three millimeters in diameter was applied using image intensifier and traction table. Pelvipedal cast was applied postoperatively. Results: Patients were follovved for 43 months (range 27-163 months) and the results were assessed using Ratliff’s criteria. Thirty-nine (79.6%) hips had good, nine (18.4%) hips had fair, one (2%) hip had poor results. Complications included avascular necrosis in 10 hips, prematüre closure of the epiphyseal plate in 3 hips, non-union in 3 hips, varus deformity in five hips, pin loosening in three hips. Conclusion: We realized that smooth pins were advantageous as their damages on epiphyseal plate were less, their percutaneus applications were easier and removing them by minör surgical procedures was possible. Unlike in adults, the femoral fractures in children are healed easily vvithout using compressive systems. İn relation to this, we observed that smooth pins had no negative effects in fracture union. The complication rates in this study were not higher than other studies reported in the literatüre.

This study was done on 32 -premature and 32 term infants with hyperbilirubinemia hospitalized in Newborn Unit of Pediatric Clinics of Medical Facul-ty of Selçuk University, Serum vitamin E leveis of premature infants' were found as 053 ± 0.08 mgldl, term infants levels were found as 054 ± 0.07 mgldl. Serum vitamin E levels were cotnpared according w sex, birth week and birth weight.

The best known adverse effect of smoking on the unborn baby is the decrease in birth weight (1,2). Ahlsten et al. (3) who conducted research on this subject, mean birth weight of babies whose mothers smoked. found that the average birth weight of newborn babies whose mothers did not smoke was 400 Gni lower than the average. In addition, it has been reported that there is an increase in ablatio placenta, placenta previa, premature birth, perinatal morbidity and mortality incidence among babies of mothers who smoke during pregnancy (1).

Mortality rate of 92 premature babies accepted to pediatrics department of Medical Faculty of Selçuk Oniversity between January and Decernber 1990 was investigated. Mortality rate was cletermined as 30.4 percent. The mortality rate was decreased with the duration of gestation and the weight of babies at term. Also, the mortality rate of babies born at ob-stetrics clinics of the faculty was less than those born at home or brought from other hospitals in or out of Konya. According to the clinical evaluation, the primary causes of death vere found to be respira-tory distress syndronw, anoxic birth and sepsis. Our finclings are discussed with those of literature.

Between lune 1993 and July 1994 all 20 weeks gestational age and over and 500 grams birthweight and over live - stillboı-n newbor-n were examined fbr the investigating •ongenital malformations, that were delivered in Gynecology and Obstetrics De-partment of Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Our work alsa evaluated relationship hetween congenital malformations and sex. maternal education levels, maternal place of residence, maternal age, hirt-hweight, gestational age. par-ental •onsenquinity and prenatal risk factoı-s. Dııring this period 69 in-tants (%4.45) were established with ınalformations in the delivered 1552 newborn. The pı-evelance of major malformations were %2.13 and minor mal-formations were %2.32. Multiple malforrnations rate %1.42 and uni malfoı-mations rate %3.03 were en-countered. Muscle - skeletal system and central ner-vous system anomalies were the highest anomalies group that we encounteı-ed. There was relationship hetween congenital mal-formation and stillborn. death in the first days of the life, maternal place of residence, education levels, parental consenquinity, parity prematurity. low hirth weight. existence of stillborn siblings and relatives with congenital malformation, eclampsia. But not r-elationship was deterınined hetween congenital ınalfflı-mation and drug adrninistration, illnesses with fever and hemorrhage during preg-nancy, maternal age and undesire pregnaney.

DEFINITION: Necrotizing enterocolit (NEC): It is a severe disease that is seen in newborns, more frequently in premature babies, has a high mortality rate, and is determined by nec-rosism in the intestines. Advances in technology and treatment have changed the problems of almost every field of perinatology in the last two decades. However, NEC has remained a constant complication of neonatal care units. Moreover, 1000 gr. or less with the survival of overly immature newborns (1). EPIDEMIOLOGY: NEC is an important cause of mortality and MOr-biditis in neonatal and especially premature intensive care units. 80-90% of the cases are babies born under 38 weeks, 75-90% of them are babies with a birth weight less than 2500 gr. About half of the babies born at term and developing NEC have low birth weight (2). While the frequency in preterms is 2-15% (3), it is 25% in babies below 1200 g (4).